How do you respond when your life is threatened? Do you fight or do you flight. In 168 BC the Jewish religion was outlawed by the Syrian Greek king Antiochus IV. A group of Jewish revolutionaries decided to fight. Led by Judas "Maccabeus", the revolution was successful in winning back the temple and eventually establishing the first independent Jewish state in more than 400 years. But at what cost? The Maccabees inflicted violence not only on Antiochus' army but also on their own people. Ultimately, due infighting and their own lust for power, the Israel lost its independence to the Romans.
The book of Daniel is written during this period to provide a third way alternative to the violence of the Maccabees and the surrender of many others. It is a brilliant critique of power and a resilient call to have hope in a seemingly hopeless situation.