Fantasy/Animation

The second Fantasy/Animation footnote of the year sees Chris and Alex discuss boiling, an often-unintentional aesthetic effect involving the visibility of undulating animated lines that surfaces due to slight deviations within repeating drawn images. To unpack the pleasures of animated variation, they examine the modulations and discontinuities caused by images as they are ‘crafted’ imperfectly by hand; comparisons with the illusion of life generated by the industrial and standardised cel-animation process, and the staccato movements of stop-motion effects; and how in its many traces of artistry the animated images that ‘boil’ manifest the labour of difference and repetition, movement and stillness.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

For Episode 112, Chris and Alex are joined for this discussion of HBO’s television series House of the Dragon (Ryan Condal & George R. R. Martin, 2021-) - the prequel to Game of Thrones (David Benioff & D. B. Weiss, 2011-2019) - by Professor Kim Akass, who is Professor of Radio, Television and Film at Rowan University, Glassboro. Kim is is one of the founding editors of the television journal Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies (SAGE), co-editor of the “Reading Contemporary Television Series” for I.B. Tauris, and managing editor of CSTonline. Listen as they work through world-building and storytelling within long-form televisual fantasy; the narrative function of the series’ array of digital dragons and VFX imagery; why fantasy and animation lend themselves to sprawling franchises and extended mythologies; histories of unruly femininity and its (false?) equivalence with madness, anger, and rage; and the many ways in which House of the Dragon asks what it means to be at war with your own body.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

The Fantasy/Animation Footnote podcasts return for 2023 with this 10-minute discussion of world-building, which examines both fantasy and animation’s ability to create believable and credible ‘worldly’ spaces. Chris and Alex wrestle with a number of ideas related to the appreciation of cinema beyond character and narrative, drawing on V.F. Perkins’ influential writing on film’s many fictional worlds to discuss the question of art’s connection to world-building, worldliness, and worldhood. Topics include cinema’s narration of almost imperceptible worldly details; the parameters of fictional horizons in relation to character (and spectator) knowledge; the interplay between onscreen and offscreen space; and the many bits of information that ‘go without saying’ to help convince and build our aesthetic encounters with the worlds of fiction.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

For the first episode of 2023, Chris and Alex are back into the world of Disney Feature Animation, following up earlier discussions of The Emperor’s New Groove (Mark Dindal, 2000) and Treasure Planet (Ron Clements & John Musker, 2002) with Episode 111, which looks at the studio’s 2001 feature film Atlantis the Lost Empire (Gary Trousdale & Kirk Wise, 2001), a science-fiction adventure that draws inspiration from Jules Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870). Joining them as their very special guest is the film’s co-director, Gary Trousdale, who was part of the celebrated Disney Renaissance and together with Kirk Wise also directed the Disney features Beauty and the Beast (1991) and The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996). Gary was first hired by Walt Disney Feature Animation back in 1984 as an effects animator on The Black Cauldron (Ted Berman & Richard Rich, 1985). He then moved onto story for Oliver & Company (George Scribner, 1988) and worked as a Storyboard Artist for The Little Mermaid (Ron Clements & John Musker, 1989), before finally taking up directorial duties on Beauty and the Beast that was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture. Gary later moved to DreamWorks and, more recently, is credited as creative consultant for the 2017 reimagining of Beauty and the Beast (Bill Condon, 2017). Listen as they discuss the Disney Renaissance as a period of industrial and creative renewal via the studio’s return to a Golden Age sensibility; the siting of Atlantis: The Lost Empire within Disney’s post-2000 era of narrative and stylistic heterogeneity; the 1914 setting of the Verne-inspired film, and how its images of war bear the influence of advancements in early twentieth-century technology; the formal connection between animated musical numbers and action sequences; and what the adventure narrative of Atlantis: The Lost Empire and its application of CGI has to say about Hollywood animation’s own technological frontier.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

What makes a Christmas film, and why are fantasy and animated films so popular during this festive period? How is cinema consumed and ‘used’ at Christmas by both the popular film industry and families as a source of comfort? How is Christmas is narratively and thematically presented in our favourite festive-themed films? All these questions and many more are tackled by Chris and Alex in the final Footnote episode of the podcast for 2022, which looks at the very nature of Christmas onscreen as sometimes animated but almost always a fantasy. Happy holidays!

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

The 2022 Fantasy/Animation Christmas special is here, with Chris and Alex well and truly ‘walking in the air’ (!) for Episode 110 of the podcast as they wonder at the delights of The Snowman (Dianne Jackson, 1982), the 26-minute television special released on Channel 4 in the early 1980s and based on Raymond Briggs’ picture book. Joining them for this tale of festive fantasy and to celebrate the film’s 40th anniversary is Dr James Walters, who is Reader in Film and Television Studies in the Department of Film and Creative Writing at the University of Birmingham. James’ work embraces film and television aesthetics, and he is the author of two monographs regularly cited on the podcast - Fantasy Film: A Critical Introduction (2011) and Alternative Worlds in Hollywood Cinema (2008) - among other recent work on television comedy and performance. Listen as they discuss the relationship between British and Hollywood fantasy cinema in the 1980s; the contribution of Channel 4 to the evolution of British television animation; depth, energy, movement, and sincerity in The Snowman’s cosy construction of fantasy, and the spectators’ ability to ‘take off’ with its defining images of flight; childhood and the power of snow as an enchanting (if always fleeting) force; texture, detail, and stillness in Brigg’s original drawings; divisions between interior/order and exterior/chaos; and the way that fantasy - like Christmas - can mean different things to different people. Oh, and there’s a bit about David Bowie too. Happy holidays!

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

Animation’s potential for quick change is the focus of Footnote #19, as Chris and Alex go through questions of transformation via a 10-minute look at morphing. Discussions turn to the spectacle of fluid, flexible bodies in relation to more concrete states of being; connections to digital VFX as an enabling tool that articulates pristine images of fragmentation and disintegration that push at the boundaries of realism; the morph’s implied stability as it moves from one form to another; and the politics of selecting an identity in relation to queer images of mobility-in-performance.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

Alex fulfils something of a lifelong dream in Episode 109 in that he finally gets a chance to talk about the mythology and magic of Willow (Ron Howard, 1988) for the Fantasy/Animation podcast, albeit with Chris alongside him as relative novice to its world of prophecies, sorcery, and high fantasy storytelling. Listen as they discuss the film’s broader liminal status within traditions of both fantasy and animation that anchor it very much to Hollywood cinema of the 1980s and 1990s, including its place on the cusp of industry turns towards digital VFX imagery and the evolution of a particular kind of fantasy away from ‘wonder’ films towards spectacular ‘frontier’ blockbusters. Topics include Willow’s use of practical effects and the role of George Lucas (as Executive Producer) in relation to emergent digital VFX technologies; the Computer Graphics Lab, Lucasfilm, and the spectacle of cinema’s first ‘digital morph’; the film’s perceived failure and the blacklisting of high fantasy in U.S. cinema; narrative and thematic links to Peter Jackson’s Lord of the Rings (2001-2003), including the use of location shooting in New Zealand; disabled representation, and how Willow navigates the complex issues of ableism and exceptionalism; and what Ron Howard’s film has to say about the enchanting powers of magic and trickery both on and offscreen.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

The latest Footnote episode of the podcast sees the return of Professor Susan Napier (Goldthwaite Professor of Rhetoric, International Literary and Cultural Studies at Tufts University), who straight from her guest turn on Chris and Alex’s discussion of Hayao Miyazaki’s Spirited Away (2002) chats about the animated works and philosophy of Studio Ghibli. Listen as they examine Studio Ghibli’s contribution to global animation history and their vexed industrial and creative relationship to the Walt Disney Studio; the multimedia reach of the company and its turn to theatrical stage shows and theme parks; the methodological fascination of Ghibli given their synonymy with Japanese anime (and how they differ from other representational traditions within the animated medium); and how the aesthetics and narratives of Studio Ghibli’s feature films are the bearers of high levels of love, detail, and the magic of artistic creation.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**

Episode 108 returns Chris and Alex once more to the world of Japanese anime as they look at the images of displacement, gluttony, and labour in Spirited Away (Hayao Miyazaki, 2001), perhaps the flagship Studio Ghibli animated feature and a film that won the 2003 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. Special guest for this instalment is Professor Susan Napier (Goldthwaite Professor of Rhetoric, International Literary and Cultural Studies at Tufts University) whose work spans the history and theory of Japanese animation as well as issues of gender, science-fiction, and fantasy. Susan is also the author of a number of monographs and essays on both fantasy and animation, from The Fantastic in Modern Japanese Literature: The Subversion of Modernity (1996) and Anime from Akira to Howl’s Moving Castle: Experiencing Japanese Animation (2005) to the recent Miyazakiworld: A Life in Art (2018). Topics for this episode includes tropes of the ‘portal quest’ narrative within fantasy storytelling, and child protagonist Chihiro’s quest to both ‘escape’ and ‘prove’ her identity; distinctions between human and spirit worlds that permit an interrogation of modern society’s capitalist consumptions and expenditures; the animated representation of cleanliness and disgust, including the portrayal of food; and how Spirited Away navigates spectators through the uneven, ambivalent, and transformative fantasy space of childhood.

**Fantasy/Animation theme tune composed by Francisca Araujo**