What is Freemasonry?

This episode presents an in-depth academic overview of Freemasonry, the world’s oldest initiatory society independent of religious institutions. Drawing on peer-reviewed scholarship and primary source analysis, it traces Freemasonry's historical evolution from its medieval operative roots to its speculative transformation in the eighteenth century and its global spread through colonial, imperial, and transnational networks.

We explore the major Masonic traditions—Regular (Anglo-American), Liberal (Continental), mixed-gender, and female orders—highlighting their theological, political, and ritual distinctions. It examines the function and symbolism of Masonic initiation, the role of embodied ritual in shaping moral and esoteric knowledge, and the use of architectural space, tracing boards, and mythic narratives in the ritual construction of identity.

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RECOMMENDED READINGS 📖

REFERENCES 📚

Berman, R. (2013). Schism: The battle that forged Freemasonry. Lewis Masonic.

Bogdan, H., & Snoek, J. A. M. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of Freemasonry. Brill.

Brown, L. A. (2013). Mystic ties of brotherhood: Freemasonry, ritual, and Hawaiian royalty in the nineteenth century. Journal of Social History, 47(1), 198–219.

Dance traces surviving in the ritual of Freemasonry. (n.d.). Unpublished manuscript.

de Hoyos, A. (n.d.). Is it true what they say about Freemasonry? The Masonic Information Center.

Ferré Benimeli, J. A. (2014). Freemasonry and the Catholic Church. In H. Bogdan & J. A. M. Snoek (Eds.), Handbook of Freemasonry (pp. 139–154). Brill.

Geographies of Freemasonry: Ritual, Lodge, and City in Spatial Context. (n.d.). Unpublished manuscript.

Harland-Jacobs, J. (2014). Freemasonry and colonialism. In H. Bogdan & J. A. M. Snoek (Eds.), Handbook of Freemasonry (pp. 439–460). Brill.

Jacob, M. C. (2014). Freemasonry and politics in Enlightenment Europe. In H. Bogdan & J. A. M. Snoek (Eds.), Handbook of Freemasonry (pp. 155–172). Brill.

Mackey, A. G. (2010). The symbolism of Freemasonry: Illustrating and explaining its science and philosophy, its legends, myths and symbols. Andrews UK.

Mollier, P. (2014). Freemasonry and Templarism. In H. Bogdan & J. A. M. Snoek (Eds.), Handbook of Freemasonry (pp. 82–99). Brill.

Moore, W. D. (2006). Masonic temples: Freemasonry, ritual architecture, and masculine archetypes. University of Tennessee Press.

Snoek, J. A. M. (2012). Initiating women in Freemasonry: The adoption rite. Brill.

Stevenson, D. (2014). The origins of Freemasonry: Scotland. In H. Bogdan & J. A. M. Snoek (Eds.), Handbook of Freemasonry (pp. 50–62). Brill.

Prescott, A. (2014). The Old Charges. In H. Bogdan & J. A. M. Snoek (Eds.), Handbook of Freemasonry (pp. 33–49). Brill.

Porset, C. (2014). Masonic historiography. In H. Bogdan & J. A. M. Snoek (Eds.), Handbook of Freemasonry (pp. 117–138). Brill.

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