“Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves.”
— C.G. Jung
Politics has always had its shadows. But in recent years, it has taken on an increasingly psychological tone, emotional, reactive, tribal. Our public discourse is saturated with outrage, scapegoating, and symbolic battles that seem to have little to do with the slow work of governance and everything to do with identity, fear, and belonging.
In this essay, I want to explore how fear and fragmentation in the self, both individually and collectively, are shaping political life. Drawing on insights from depth psychology, personal construct theory, and process philosophy, I’ll suggest that much of what we call polarisation is actually a failure of inner integration projected onto the political stage.
To restore our politics, we must first do the work of reclaiming our projections and restoring our capacity for relational becoming.
Projection as a Political Force
In Jungian terms, projection occurs when we unconsciously disown parts of ourselves and locate them in others. The qualities we find intolerable, our fears, our shame, our uncertainty, are exiled from our conscious self-image and made visible in some “other”: the elite, the immigrant, the woke mob, the alt-right, the unvaccinated.
This makes the other not just someone who disagrees, but someone who must be defeated for us to feel whole.
In a fragmented world, projection becomes a survival strategy. It simplifies the psyche. It reassures us that the chaos is “out there.”
But in doing so, it prevents dialogue, forecloses mutual recognition, and fuels a politics of dehumanisation.
Fear and the Need for Coherence
George Kelly’s personal construct psychology gives us further language here. Kelly proposed that people are “personal scientists,” trying to predict and control their world through a web of constructs, mental frameworks that help make meaning.
But when our constructs are threatened, when the world no longer fits our models, we experience anxiety or even existential threat.
In this light, political reaction, on both the left and the right, often arises from a desperate need for psychological coherence.
The populist right constructs narratives of purity, tradition, and moral certainty. The left may sometimes respond with equally rigid demands for ideological purity, symbolic justice, and public affirmation.
In both cases, complexity is collapsed into certainty. The psyche seeks safety, not truth.
Polarisation as a Failure of Process
From a process philosophy perspective, this dynamic can be seen as a refusal of relational becoming.
Life, in Whitehead’s terms, is a series of unfolding events, interconnected, co-constituted, unfinished. But when we are afraid, we resist that flow. We cling to fixed identities, fixed enemies, fixed stories.
Polarisation is not just political. It is metaphysical. It expresses a fear of loss, of ambiguity, of transformation.
We don’t just disagree with others, we need them to be wrong, so that we can remain whole.
The Daemonic and the Political
James Hillman, and the wider lineage of archetypal psychology, invites us to take this even deeper. For Hillman, the psyche is not a machine or a puzzle, but a mythopoetic field, filled with gods, archetypes, and daemons. When a culture denies its daemons, its drives, desires, instincts, and ambivalences, those energies don’t disappear. They surface in distorted forms.
In this sense, political life becomes a stage for the daemonic, for the unintegrated parts of our collective psyche to find expression. Trump, for example, may be understood not just as a person, but as a vessel for unacknowledged cultural energies, entitlement, aggression, insecurity, performative masculinity, wounded pride.
These energies aren’t exclusive to one man. They live in the culture. And unless they are acknowledged, they will continue to surface in figures and movements who offer them form.
A Process-Based Politics of Integration
So what would a politics of process and care offer in response?
First, it would acknowledge that we are all in process, unfinished, complex, contradictory. It would create space for inner work to complement outer change.
Second, it would design practices and institutions that allow difference to be held, rather than resolved or suppressed. This means dialogue, deep listening, participatory democracy, not as idealistic add-ons, but as necessary containers for the work of integration.
Third, it would challenge us to meet fear not with force, but with attention. To ask not “How do I win?” but “What am I projecting? What am I avoiding? What might I need to reclaim in myself to meet this other differently?”
This is the slow work of relational politics. It is not about avoiding conflict, but about meeting it with presence and humility.
The Green Thread: Containing, Not Controlling
The Green movement, at its best, understands that the world is too complex to be controlled, and too interconnected to be divided cleanly. It calls for a politics that is rooted in ecology, not just of ecosystems, but of emotions, communities, and meanings.
Greens know that polarisation cannot be solved through more policy alone. It requires new forms of relating: citizen assemblies, listening circles, deliberative forums. It requires an orientation to care, not only for the planet, but for the social and psychic ecologies that shape how we live together.
If we are to build a future worth inhabiting, we must learn how to stay in relationship—even with what we fear, dislike, or reject.
Inner Work and Outer Practice
Inner Work:
* What traits or beliefs in others provoke a strong emotional reaction in me? Could they be projections of something I disown?
* Where in my life am I clinging to fixed categories or identities to feel safe?
* What part of my own complexity have I yet to make peace with?
Outer Practice:
* Practice dialogue with someone you disagree with; listen for their story, not just their opinion.
* Support initiatives that create spaces for civic dialogue, deliberation, and repair.
* Resist the temptation to “call out” before you’ve “called in”, start with curiosity, not accusation.
Closing Invitation
Polarisation is not only a political crisis. It is a psychic one. It reveals the fractures in our collective ability to hold complexity, tolerate ambiguity, and relate across difference.
But if we see politics as a process, and not a war, we might just begin to re-humanise it. And in doing so, we might re-humanise ourselves.
Let’s turn toward our projections, not away from them. Let’s listen to the daemons, rather than banish them. Let’s practice a politics that begins not with certainty, but with the courage to stay in relation.
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