❄️ Conceived in the Cold? Individuals conceived during colder months show higher brown fat activity, increased thermogenesis, and lower BMI as adults.

🔬 Using PET/CT, NIR-TRS, and doubly labeled water (DLW), the study linked preconception cold exposure to greater energy expenditure and reduced visceral fat.

🧬 The key factor: Temperature and its diurnal variation before conception — not birth season — predicts adult brown adipose tissue (BAT) function.

📉 Cold-induced BAT activation leads to better cold adaptation, improved CIT, DIT, and total energy expenditure (TEE) — even years later.

🧠 Researchers propose PfOHaD (Pre-fertilization Origins of Health and Disease) — expanding DOHaD to include paternal cold exposure as a metabolic epigenetic switch.