Learn about the oldest known artifacts that provide evidence of human activity, including stone tools, cave paintings, Venus figurines, Stonehenge, and wooden spears. We provide information about the Oldowan tools, Lomek stone tools, Schoeningen spears, and the controversial London hammer. We also discuss the significance of these artifacts in understanding early human behavior, cognition, and technological advancements. Additionally, we talk about several other ancient artifacts, including the astrolabe, the Antikythera mechanism, and the Viking sunstone, and how they were used for navigation and astronomical calculations.