Francis Fukuyama’s The End of History (1992) became associated with the triumph of liberal democracy at the end of the twentieth century. But was Fukuyama really a triumphalist? David explores what Fukuyama had to say about the strengths and weaknesses of liberal democracy and asks whether his analysis still holds true today. What have we learned about the modern state from its history? And can it, and we, really change now?

Recommended version to purchase: 

• https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/133/13399/the-end-of-history-and-the-last-man/9780241960240.html

Going Deeper:

• Paul Hirst for the LRB on ‘Endism’
• Fukuyama at the 2020 Munich Security Conference
• Fukuyama on the 2016 presidential election
• Louis Menand, ‘Francis Fukuyama Postpones the End of History,’ The New Yorker.
• Talking Politics with Fukuyama 

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