The potential and challenges of gene therapy, a technology that seeks to treat diseases by altering an individual's genetic makeup. Gene therapy holds promise for curing genetic disorders, but also carries significant risks, as demonstrated by the tragic case of Jesse Gelsinger. The episode highlights the complex ethical considerations surrounding gene therapy, particularly regarding the potential for germ-line modifications, which could impact future generations. Furthermore, the text discusses the regulatory landscape for gene therapy research and the need for careful oversight to balance potential benefits with the risks involved.