GetPsyched!

In this episode, we're joined by Mohammed Al-Chalabi, who is Heriot-Watt's Dubai Student Success Advisor to discuss men's mental health and how it is perceived in university as well as on a societal level. 


This episode was originally recorded in 2019.

As students, we're familiar with the need to study and remember large amounts of information, but how does that process actually work, and how can we do it more efficiently?
Today, we'll be talking about memory, and more specifically, working memory.  We'll discuss how we process and encode information and some ways in which we can study more effectively. Moreover, we'll be talking about working memory in the ADHD brain, and we're welcoming a psychology student towards the end to discuss the implications of working memory on reading comprehension and dyslexia!

References 

• Journal Articles 

Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. Psychology of learning and motivation, 2(4), 89-195.  

Baadte, C., Rasch, T., & Honstein, H. (2015). Attention switching and multimedia learning: The impact of executive resources on the integrative comprehension of texts and pictures. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 59(4), 478-498.  

Baddeley, A. (2000). The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Trends in cognitive sciences, 4(11), 417-423.  

Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47-89). Elsevier.  

Brown, S. C., & Craik, F. I. M. (2000). Encoding and retrieval of information. The Oxford handbook of memory, 93-107. 

Rogers, M., Hwang, H., Toplak, M., Weiss, M., & Tannock, R. (2011). Inattention, working memory, and academic achievement in adolescents referred for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Neuropsychology, 17(5), 444-458. 

Salamé, P., & Baddeley, A. (1989). Effects of background music on phonological short-term memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 41(1), 107-122. 

Sweller, J. (2008). Human cognitive architecture. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, 369-381 

In this episode we’ll be talking all about intelligence, it’s myths and misconceptions. That hypothetical mental ability that we’re all so quick to judge and comment on. Sometimes, it’s all lighthearted fun between siblings, and other times, it’s weaponized to justify passing awful immigration laws and the sterilization of those judged to have a low IQ. We’ll talk about that in more detail later in the episode, but we’ll also be talking about some theories of intelligence, how IQ is measured, what it can or can’t tell us about a person, and finally, we’ll be dunking some myths. 

References 

Books 

• Schacter et al., 2016. Psychology / 2nd European., Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 
   

Journal Articles 

• Baltes, P. B., Cornelius, S. W., Spiro, A., Nesselroade, J. R., & Willis, S. L. (1980). Integration versus differentiation of fluid/crytallized intelligence in old age. Developmental Psychology, 16(6), 625. 
• Farreras, I. G. (2019). The professionalization of psychologists as court personnel: Consequences of the first institutional commitment law for the “feebleminded”. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 
• Fogarty, G. J. (2008). Intelligence: theories and issues. In Adult educational psychology (pp. 181-208). Brill Sense. 
• Gottfredson, L. S. (1997). Mainstream science on intelligence: An editorial with 52 signatories, history and bibliography. Intelligence, 24(1), 13–23. 
• Lim, W., Plucker, J. A., & Im, K. (2002). We are more alike than we think we are: Implicit theories of intelligence with a Korean sample. Intelligence, 30(2), 185-208. 
• Maltby, J., Day, L., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Personality, individual differences and intelligence / (Fourth ed.). 
• Richardson, K. (2002). What IQ tests test. Theory & Psychology, 12(3), 283-314. 
• Students. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 2(4), 86-91. 
• Pal, H. R., Pal, A., & Tourani, P. (2004). Theories of intelligence. Everyman’s science, 39(3), 181-192. 

Self-esteem is a person’s overall positive and negative self-evaluation. It is the subjective appraisal of our traits, accomplishments, and failures. It impacts how we think, how we act, and they also contribute to our personality. 

But how often does our self-esteem fluctuate? Why does it fluctuate, and how can we regain control over it? Find out more in this episode!

 

References:  

Websites: 

• https://www.jusurgery.com/abstract/low-selfesteem-leads-to-depression-among-elderly-case-study-of-nursing-home-9808.html 
• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/raising-low-self-esteem/ 

YT videos: 

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5kdoKcb-HA 

Journal Articles: 

• Chang, H. J., & Suttikun, C. (2017). The examination of psychological factors and social norms affecting body satisfaction and self-esteem for college students. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 45. doi:10.1111/fcsr.12220 
• Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal Of Personality, 76(4), 875-902. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x 
• Orth, U., Erol, R. Y., & Luciano, E. C. (2018). Development of self-esteem from age 4 to 94 years: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological bulletin, 144(10), 1045. 

Tune in to this episode where we have a conversation with Heriot-Watt Dubai's VP of Wellbeing, Shree Lakshmi! Join us as we get to know more about Shree and her role, the importance of wellbeing in academic settings, and how our university tackles the topic of mental health.

As social beings, we choose which group identities to assimilate with or invest in and which social groups we’re most loyal to. Therefore, the degree to which we identify with and protect certain identities varies. So, today, we’ll be talking all about our identities as individuals, why we seek social groups, and overall, the relationship between groups, individuals, and societies.


References 

Journal Articles:  

Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 17(5), 475-482. 

Cheng, C., Cheung, S., Chio, J., & Chan, M. (2013). Cultural Meaning of Perceived Control :Meta-Analysis of Locus of Control and Psychological Symptoms Across 18 Cultural Regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 152-188. 

Earley, P. C., Gibson, C. B., & Chen, C. C. (1999). “How Did I Do?” versus “How Did We Do?”: Cultural Contrasts of Performance Feedback Use and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(5), 594–619 

Ford, B. Q., Dmitrieva, J. O., Heller, D., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Grossmann, I., Tamir, M., ... & Bokhan, T. (2015). Culture shapes whether the pursuit of happiness predicts higher or lower well-being. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(6), 1053. 

Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). Contesting the “nature” of conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo's studies really show. PLoS Biol, 10(11), e1001426. 

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253. 

McCarty, John A., & Shrum, L.J. (2001). The Influence of Individualism, Collectivism, and Locus of Control on Environmental Beliefs and Behavior. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 20(1), 93-104. 

Mermelstein, R., Cohen, S., Lichtenstein, E., Baer, J. S., & Kamarck, T. (1986). Social support and smoking cessation and maintenance. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 54(4), 447. 

Reicher, S., & Haslam, S. A. (2006). Tyranny revisited. Psychologist, 19(3), 146-150.  

Reicher, S., Haslam, S. A., & Rath, R. (2008). Making a virtue of evil: A five‐step social identity model of the development of collective hate. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(3), 1313-1344. 

Roberts, R. E., Phinney, J. S., Masse, L. C., Chen, Y. R., Roberts, C. R., & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(3), 301-322. 

Sharma, Shridhar. (2014). Self, Identity and Culture. 10.1007/978-81-322-1587-5_10. 

Stead, L. F., Carroll, A. J., & Lancaster, T. (2017). Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3). 

Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2001). Identity and cooperative behavior in groups. Group processes & intergroup relations, 4(3), 207-226. 

Books 

• Mason, L. (2018). Uncivil agreement: How politics became our identity. University of Chicago Press. 

Podcasts 

• McRaney, D. (Host) (2019, July 29) YANSS 159 – How political conflict became a battle over ‘who we think we are, rather than reasoned differences of opinion.’ [Audio podcast]  https://youarenotsosmart.com/2019/07/29/yanss-133-how-political-conflict-became-a-battle-over-who-we-think-we-are-rather-than-reasoned-differences-of-opinion/ 

ADHD is a well-known disorder characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. But, is that all it entails? In this episode, we discuss the symptoms of ADHD, how it can affect our brain and behaviour, and the misconceptions many of us have come to believe. So, grab your bat and hardhat as we get to smashing some myths!

References 

Websites 

• https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-neuroscience-101/ 
• https://www.addrc.org/dsm-5-criteria-for-adhd/ 
• https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml 
• https://www.verywellmind.com/the-adhd-brain-4129396 
• https://www.understood.org/en/learning-thinking-differences/child-learning-disabilities/add-adhd/adhd-and-the-brain 

Journal Articles 

• Barkley, Russell A. (2015). Etiologies of ADHD. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment, 4th ed. (pp. 356–390). New York, NY: Guilford Press. 
• Biederman, Joseph et al. (2012). Adult Outcome of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Controlled 16-Year Follow-Up Study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 73(7):941–950. 
• Gershon, J., & Gershon, J. (2002). A meta-analytic review of gender differences in ADHD. Journal of attention disorders, 5(3), 143-154. 
• Kross, E., Egner, T., Ochsner, K., Hirsch, J., & Downey, G. (2007). Neural dynamics of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(6), 945-956. 
• Lange, K. W., Reichl, S., Lange, K. M., Tucha, L., & Tucha, O. (2010). The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2(4), 241-255. 
• Mattison, R. E., & Mayes, S. D. (2012). Relationships between learning disability, executive function, and psychopathology in children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(2), 138-146. 
• Owens, Elizabeth et al. (2015). Developmental Progression and Gender Differences among Individuals with ADHD. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment, 4th ed. (pp. 223–255). New York, NY: Guilford Press. 
• Pastor, Patricia N. et al. (2015). Association between diagnosed ADHD and selected characteristics among children aged 4–17 years: United States, 2011–2013. NCHS Data Brief, no 201. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 
• Sklar, R. H. (2013). Hyperfocus in adult ADHD: An EEG study of the differences in cortical activity in resting and arousal states (Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg).  
• Wigal, S. B., Emmerson, N., Gehricke, J. G., & Galassetti, P. (2013). Exercise: applications to childhood ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(4), 279-290. 

Quarantine whack-a-moled the routine of so many of us, and with it, our sleep schedule. In fact, some of us didn’t really exercise the best sleep hygiene before lockdown even started. So in this episode, we'll be talking about our biological sleep cycle, why we seem to be constantly losing sleep, the consequences of that loss, and how we can fix it!


References

Books 

• Altevogt, B. M., & Colten, H. R. (Eds.). (2006). Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: an unmet public health problem. National Academies Press. 

 
Journal Articles 

• Coren, S. (1998). Sleep deprivation, psychosis and mental efficiency. Psychiatric Times, 15(3), 1-3. 
• Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Born, J. (2012). Sleep and immune function. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology, 463(1), 121-137. 
• Blake, M. J., Trinder, J. A., & Allen, N. B. (2018). Mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence: implications for behavioral sleep interventions. Clinical psychology review, 63, 25-40. 
• Friedrich, A., & Schlarb, A. A. (2018). Let's talk about sleep: a systematic review of psychological interventions to improve sleep in college students. Journal of Sleep Research, 27(1), 4-22. 
• Fullagar, H. H., Skorski, S., Duffield, R., Hammes, D., Coutts, A. J., & Meyer, T. (2015). Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports medicine, 45(2), 161-186. 
• Hershner, S. D., & Chervin, R. D. (2014). Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Nature and science of sleep, 6, 73. 
• Lan, L., Tsuzuki, K., Liu, Y. F., & Lian, Z. W. (2017). Thermal environment and sleep quality: A review. Energy and Buildings, 149, 101-113. 
• Nédélec, M., Halson, S., Delecroix, B., Abaidia, A. E., Ahmaidi, S., & Dupont, G. (2015). Sleep hygiene and recovery strategies in elite soccer players. Sports Medicine, 45(11), 1547-1559. 
• Sundelin, T., Lekander, M., Sorjonen, K., & Axelsson, J. (2017). Negative effects of restricted sleep on facial appearance and social appeal. Royal Society Open Science, 4(5), 160918. 

 Videos 

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbQ0RxQu2gM 

Hello, and welcome to GetPsyched! This is episode 0 where you get to meet the team and know more about what to expect from our podcast.