Hardtack

Food is sustenance, it keeps us alive, it keeps us energized and it keeps us happy. In the context of military history, it can also determine the outcome of a battle. Tune in and learn about our episode's namesake, Hardtack, and a brief history of military rations from America, Australia, and Japan.

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Make your Own Hardtack!

Hardtack Recipe (Survival Bread) - Bread Dad

Civil War Recipe: Hardtack (1861) – The American Table

Sources:

American Rationing

18th Century Soldier’s Rations - Cooking Series at Jas Townsend and Son S1E1, 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUt1ZHs3wQ8.

Boatner, Mark Mayo. The Civil War Dictionary. New York : McKay, 1959. http://archive.org/details/civilwardictiona0000unse_x8g4.

“Founders Online: From George Washington to John Hancock, 4–5 August 1775.” University of Virginia Press. Accessed September 29, 2022. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0150.

“Founders Online: General Orders, 8 August 1775.” University of Virginia Press. Accessed September 29, 2022. http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-01-02-0173.

Rezneck, Samuel. “Horsford’s ‘Marching Ration’ for the Civil War Army.” Military Affairs 33, no. 1 (1969): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.2307/1984484.

Australian Rationing

https://www.oldtreasurybuilding.org.au/work-for-victory/housewives-to-action/food-rationing/

https://www.army.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-11/operational_ration_o2_0.pdf

https://australianfoodtimeline.com.au/1915-army-rations-in-world-war-i/

https://www.mreinfo.com/international-rations/australian-rations/australian-cr5m/

https://www.alimentarium.org/en/fact-sheet/military-rations

https://www.alimentarium.org/en/fact-sheet/appertisation

https://www.thc.texas.gov/blog/hardtack-original-mre#:~:text=Hardtack%20was%20a%20favored%20food,both%20sides%20were%20given%20hardtack.

https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/anzac/biscuit

Japanese Rationing

Barker, A. J. Japanese Army Handbook, 1939-1945. New York, NY: Hippocrene Books, 1979.

Cook, Haruko Taya, and Theodore Failor Cook. Japan at War: An Oral History. London: Phoenix, 2000.

Looking for something exciting? Perhaps a bit of murder? Tune in and learn a bit about the Sicarii, a group of Ancient Jewish assassins willing to do whatever necessary in opposition of Roman rule in first-century CE Judea.

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Sources:

Brighton, Mark Andrew. The Sicarii in Josephus's Judean War Rhetorical Analysis and Historical Observations. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009.

Charles River Editors, The Sicarii: The History of the Ancient Jewish Assassins Who Fought the Romans.

Josephus, Flavius. THE WARS OF THE JEWS OR HISTORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM. Translated by William Whiston. Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg. Accessed September 20, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2850/2850-h/2850-h.htm.

Korb, Scott. Life in Year One: What the World Was like in First-Century Palestine. New York:  Riverhead Books, 2010.

Law, Randall David, ed. The Routledge History of Terrorism. The Routledge Histories. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2015.

THE SICARII IN MASADA — GLORY OR INFAMY?

Sidney B. Hoenig. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23256300

Zeitlin, S. “Zealots and Sicarii.” Journal of Biblical Literature 81, no. 4 (December 1962): 395-98. https://doi.org/10.2307/3265095.

What is cryptology? What is "Purple" and Operation Magic? How are they related to American and Japanese relations? What does any of it have to do with Pearl Harbor? Tune in and try to decipher the enigma of the American Black Chamber and discover the beginnings of American cryptology.

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

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Sources:

Cipher Machines. https://ciphermachines.com/purple.

Magic | Operations & Codenames of WWII. https://codenames.info/operation/magic/.

Farago, Ladislas, The Broken Seal: The Story of Operation Magic and the Pearl Harbor Disaster. Random House. New York, NY 1967.

Friedman, William F. Certain Aspects of "MAGIC'' in the Cryptological Background of the Various Official Investigations into the Atuack on Pearl Harbor. PDF. National Security Administration, 1957.

The Washington Naval Conference, 1921–1922. Milestones: 1921–1936 - Office of the Historian (state.gov)

"Home." National Security Agency | Central Security Service. https://www.nsa.gov/news-features/declassified-documents/friedman-documents/.

From ancient to modern times, innovators have dreamt up a wide variety of vehicles as means of travel, for the transport of goods and materiel, or for the sake of simple entertainment. Militaries have not been immune to the innovative itch, and have had their fair share of unique, inventive vehicles, built with a specific task in mind and aimed at benefiting operations. However, not all of these vehicles were successful creations. Join us this week as we discuss the unconventional military vehicles of history.

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button!

Sources:

The French And Their Anti-Tank Gun Vespa Scooters | SOFREP

The history of Vespa: from its origins in 1946 to the myth

This Incredible Plane: Goodyear Inflatoplane - Plane & Pilot Magazine (planeandpilotmag.com)

Novgorod (militaryfactory.com)

Simms' Motor War Car: The World's First Armored Automobile (hotcars.com)

https://web.archive.org/web/20120713030400/

http://www.armyavnmuseum.org/museum/collection/rw4.htm

https://www.warhistoryonline.com/military-vehicle-news/top-10-most-bizarre-tanks-ever-built.html?chrome=1

https://aerocorner.com/blog/weirdest-planes/

https://news.usni.org/2015/01/30/unique-ships-u-s-navy

Following the end of World War II, the world anticipated an ease in tensions amongst global powers, and with Nazi Germany eradicated, a hint of normality was on the horizon. However, a sequence of unprecedented events followed and the Cold War, the birthplace of the Nuclear Arms race and sophisticated networks of espionage, emerged. Listen in and explore the Sino-Soviet Split and the resulting spy wars between the U.S.S.R. and China. 

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

Don't forget to rate us and smash that subscribe button! 

Sources: 

China at War: An Encyclopaedia - Xiaobing Li 

China and Russia the Great Game - Clubb O Edmund 

Chinese Spies: From Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping - Roger Faligot 

Sino-Soviet Rivalry and the Termination of the Sino-Vietnamese Alliance - Nicholas Khoo 

How CIA & Chinese PLA joined hands in secret Cold War op to snoop on Soviet Union nukes (theprint.in) https://titanmissilemuseum.org/about/cold-war-timeline/ https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/how-stalin-elevated-the-chinese-communist-party-to-power-xinjiang-1949 

Shared secrets: How The U.S. and China worked together to spy on the Soviet Union | Here & Now (wbur.org) 

The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World - Lorenz M. Luthi 

The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part I:

https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-i 

The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part II | Wilson Center:

https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-ii

The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part III | Wilson Center:

https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-iii

The Soviet-Chinese Spy Wars in the 1970s: What KGB Counterintelligence Knew, Part IV | Wilson Center

https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/soviet-chinese-spy-wars-1970s-what-kgb-counterintelligence-knew-part-iv

Americans have coined the Korean War ‘the forgotten war’ as it was largely overshadowed by both World War II and Vietnam. However, the Korean War is far from forgotten and the title is perhaps best bestowed upon the Philippine War, fought over a century ago from 1899 to 1902, and overshadowed by the Spanish-American War and World War I. Perhaps as a listener you are learning for the first time that the United States fought a war against the Philippines and are wondering ‘how did the United States get there?’ Tune in and learn about the first and bloodiest battle of the Philippine War, the Battle of Manila (1899).

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

Sources:

120 years ago: Diaries describe the start of the Filipino-American War, February 4, 1899 - The Philippine Diary Project

“Alexandria Gazette 6 February 1899 — Virginia Chronicle: Digital Newspaper Archive.” Accessed August 20, 2022. https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=AG18990206.1.2&srpos=3&e=01-01-1899-20-02-1899--en-20--1--txt-txIN-manila-------.

De Quesada, A. M. The Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection, 1898-1902. Men-at-Arms 437. Oxford, UK ; New York: Osprey Pub, 2007.

Keenan, Jerry. "Emilio Aguinaldo Y Famy." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 18, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/756355.

Keenan, Jerry, and Spencer C. Tucker. "Elwell Stephen Otis." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 18, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/1474488.

Linn, Brian McAllister. The Philippine War: 1899-1902. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Linn, Brian McAllister. The U.S. Army and Counterinsurgency in the Philippine War, 1899-1902. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

Miller, Stuart Creighton. “Benevolent Assimilation”: The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.

Shircliffe, James E., Jr. "VIII Corps: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 19, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/1474417.

Sokiera, Jason M., and Spencer C. Tucker. "Asiatic Squadron: Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars." In World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2022. Accessed August 20, 2022. https://worldatwar2-abc-clio-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Search/Display/1472970.

This will be a special, extended episode of Hardtack in recognition of Women’s Equality Day, which is observed in the United States every year on August 26th. During this episode we will briefly discuss the origins of Women’s Equality Day and the woman who championed the bill in the United States Congress. We will also hear from each of our hosts who have brought their own research on a specific woman and their contributions to Military History.

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

Sources:

ABZUG, Bella Savitzky | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives

Bella Abzug: How One Tough Broad from the Bronx Fought Jim Crow and Joe McCarthy, Pissed Off Jimmy Carter, Battled for the Rights of Women and ... Planet, and Shook Up Politics Along the Way: Levine, Suzanne Braun, Thom, Mary: 9780374531492: Amazon.com: Books

Celebrity Invention: Hedy Lamarr's Secret Communications System - The Atlantic

Thank This World War II-Era Film Star for Your Wi-Fi | At the Smithsonian| Smithsonian Magazine

Why America's World War II torpedoes were horrible - We Are The Mighty

The World War II-Era Actress Who Invented Wi-Fi: Hedy Lamarr – Pieces of History (archives.gov)

Women’s Equality Day | National Women's History Alliance (nationalwomenshistoryalliance.org)

Women in technology: Hedy Lamarr, the mother of Wi-Fi | Thales Group

Nancy Wake, The White Mouse - Autobiography of Australia’s Wartime Legend

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-secret-british-organisation-of-the-second-world-war#:~:text=Following%20the%20fall%20of%20France,sabotage%20in%20enemy%2Dheld%20territories

https://anzacportal.dva.gov.au/resources/nancy-wake-stories-service

The year is 1932, the world is in the midst of the Great Depression, Norway annexes Greenland, Iraq becomes an independent kingdom under Faisal, Japan and the Soviet Union reform their diplomatic connections and Australia enters another Great War… the Great Emu War. For this episode, the squad will be navigating the plains of Western Australia, where we will find a Battalion, if you will, of hungry Emu’s motivated to cripple Australia’s food supply.

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

You can access Warwick's Australian Military History (AMH) podcast's episodes on his linktree, or via his website here. You can also follow the AMH Instagram.

Sources:

Garner, Joseph. "Looking back: Australia's Emu Wars." Australian Geographic. October 18, 2016. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2016/10/on-this-day-the-emu-wars-begin/

Hoekstra, Kyle. "The Great Emu War: How Flightless Birds Beat the Australian Army". History Hit. February 4th, 2022. https://www.historyhit.com/the-great-emu-war/

Johnson, Murray. "'Feathered foes': Soldier settlers and Western Australia's 'Emu War' of 1932. Journal of Australian Studies, 30:88, 147-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14443050609388083

Kate. "The Great Emu War of 1932, A Unique Australian Conflict." Nomads World. 2022. https://nomadsworld.com/great-emu-war/

The Night of the Long Knives, also known as Rohm Putsch, began on June 30th, 1934, when Adolf Hitler along with an entourage of Schutzstaffe began the purge of Sturmabteilung leadership. What followed was a multi-day power consolidation characterized by arrests and slaughter, driven by Hitler’s infamous paranoia. The results of the purge made clear to all of Germany that Hitler was both supreme leader and above the law.

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

Sources:

Giles, Geoffrey J. “The Denial of Homosexuality: Same-Sex Incidents in Himmler’s SS and Police.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 11, no. 1/2 (2002): 256–90.

Hancock, Eleanor. “‘Only the Real, the True, the Masculine Held Its Value’: Ernst Röhm, Masculinity, and Male Homosexuality.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 8, no. 4 (1998): 616–41.

Jablonsky, David. “Röhm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord.” Journal of Contemporary History 23, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 367–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948802300303.

James Somerton. The Story of the Gay Holocaust (Complete Documentary), 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OxH1rqBAgw.

Klaus Epstein. The Nazi Consolidation of Power. The Journal of Modern History, March 1962, Vol. 34, No. 1 (March 1962), pp. 74-80. The University of Chicago Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1874820.

Maracin, Paul. The Night of the Long Knives: Forty-Eight Hours That Changed the History of the World. Guilford, CT: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Incorporated, 2007.

Night of the Long Knives: Jonathan Petropoulos | Facing History and Ourselves

Eleanor Hancock. The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? Central European History, Vol. 44, No. 4 (DECEMBER 2011), pp. 669-683. Cambridge University Press on behalf of Central European History Society. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41411643

The History Place - Triumph of Hitler: Night of the Long Knives

“The Night of Long Knives – The Holocaust Explained: Designed for schools.” n.d. The Holocaust Explained. Accessed July 20, 2022. https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/the-nazi-rise-to-power/how-did-the-nazi-gain-power/night-of-long-knives/.

At 0815 on the morning of August 6th, 1945, an atomic bomb known as ‘Little Boy’ was released by Bombardier Thomas Ferebee above the Japanese city of Hiroshima. What followed was a new type of destruction never before visited upon humanity. Buildings burned, Japanese citizens ambled about in confused terror and pain, and radiation began its deadly work. Join us for the first episode of Hardtack as we explore the seemingly peaceful moments before the bomb dropped, and the immediate aftermath as told through some of the survivors of this tragic event.

You can find the Hardtack Podcast socials via linktree.

If you have any feedback on episodes or suggestions for future episodes, please send an email to [email protected]

“Anscombe, G. E. M. | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.” Accessed July 9, 2022. https://iep.utm.edu/anscombe/.

“Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Date, Facts, Significance, Timeline, Deaths, & Aftermath | Britannica.” Accessed July 9, 2022.

August 6, 1945: Statement by the President Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb at Hiroshima | Miller Center

Chemistry LibreTexts. “12.1: Isotopes,” November 4, 2020. https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Monterey_Peninsula_College/MPC_CHEM_30A_Introduction_to_Chemistry_for_Health_Sciences/12%3A_Nuclear_Reactions/12.01%3A_Isotopes.

Chilled Moose. Barefoot Gen 1983 *FULL MOVIE* [ENGLISH DUB], 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olFmklCCccE.

Hiroshima for Global Peace (hiroshimaforpeace.com)

Japan At War: An Oral History by Haruko Taya Cook & Theodore F. Cook

Lawfare. “Hiroshima and the Myths of Military Targets and Unconditional Surrender,” August 21, 2020. https://www.lawfareblog.com/hiroshima-and-myths-military-targets-and-unconditional-surrender.

nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb525-The-Atomic-Bomb-and-the-End-of-World-War-II/documents/009.pdf

NBC News. “Japanese American Hiroshima Victim on Reality of Being Bombed by His Own Country.” Accessed July 9, 2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/japanese-american-hiroshima-victim-reality-being-bombed-his-own-country-n1235912.

Sink, Bob. “Who Are The Hibakusha? | Hibakusha Stories.” Accessed July 9, 2022. https://hibakushastories.org/who-are-the-hibakusha/.

TIME.com. “Survivors of the Atomic Bomb Share Their Stories.” Accessed July 5, 2022. https://time.com/after-the-bomb/.