As we have seen in Romans 9:1-5, the apostle Paul is broken-hearted about his people - his fellow Jews - who have not, in large measure, come to trust in Jesus as their Messiah. They were given tremendous advantages, including favored nation status, ancestors who saw and experienced the glory of God, His covenants, and His promises, and yet most of them rejected Jesus rather than embraced Him, because the salvation He offered did not meet their expectations. Paul explains that it is not that God's Word and promises to them have failed, but it is because salvation is always and only due to God's mercy and grace, not ethnic lineage or human desires, traits or behavior. He illustrates that principle in the family of Abraham, graciously blessing some but passing over others: Isaac, not Ishmael; Jacob, not Esau, concluding "So then it does not depend on the man who wills or the man who runs, but on God who has mercy" (Romans 9:16).