ITS EPISODE TEN!!!

Angkor Wat is considered the largest religious monument in the world. The ancient city where it sits, Angkor, used significantly more stone blocks than the Egyptian pyramids combined, and covers the same space as the city of Paris. It’s a UNESCO world heritage site because of its gorgeous architecture and its priceless insights into the ancient Khmer Empire. Angkor Wat is the giant city temple inside the ancient city of Angkor. Including forested areas and evidence of neighborhoods around the city center, Angkor covers more than 400 square kilometers. The UNESCO site believes that Angkor is “one of the most important archeological sites of Southeast Asia.” 

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod

EMAIL: [email protected]

SOURCES: 

**START YOUR ANGKOR WAT TOUR ON GOOGLE MAPS STREET VIEW:** https://www.google.com/maps/@13.4125839,103.8593551,3a,75y,89.3h,72.06t/data=!3m9!1e1!3m7!1spqgnja9idlAQNyc7k_KUqQ!2e0!7i13312!8i6656!9m2!1b1!2i46?entry=ttu

HELLO ANGKOR INTERACTIVE MAP: https://helloangkor.com/angkor-wat-temple-complex-map/

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https://helloangkor.com/attractions/angkor-wat/

https://www.livescience.com/53030-photos-angkor-wat-discoveries.html 

https://helloangkor.com/attractions/angkor-wat-the-bas-relief-galleries/

https://www.tour-to-cambodia.com/trip_to_cambodia_photos/02_angkor_wat_tour_angkor_wat_pictures.htm 

https://helloangkor.com/attractions/angkor-wat-preah-poan-hall-of-a-thousand-buddhas/ 

UNESCO Heritage Danger List: https://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/  

Wikipedia Pages (Don't tell on me):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkor_Wat 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Meru 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishna 

https://www.history.com/topics/landmarks/angkor-wat 

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/668/ 

https://www.tourismcambodia.com/attractions/angkor/angkor-wat.htm  

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/world-heritage/article/angkor  

https://asiasociety.org/education/legacy-angkor 

https://asiatimes.com/2020/12/angkor-in-modern-times/ 

https://www.livescience.com/23841-angkor-wat.html 

https://www.livescience.com/58064-radar-could-save-collapsing-angkor-monuments.html 

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20211201-angkor-asias-ancient-hydraulic-city 

https://www.wmf.org/who-we-are 

https://www.wmf.org/project/angkor-archaeological-park 

https://www.wmf.org/project/churning-ocean-milk-gallery-conservation-project 

https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/the-churning-of-the-ocean-of-milk/ 

https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/art-travels-angkor-wat-cambodia/ 

https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116055.html 

https://alanlessik.com/2015/01/10/where-are-the-buddha-heads-in-angkor-wat/ 

https://geographyscout.com/buildings/restoring-the-ancient-angkor-wat/ 

Angkor, during its peak in the 11th to the 13th centuries, was the most extensive pre-industrial urban complex in the world. Over 1,000 temples still survive from this massive society that originated in 802. Come along with me today as we discuss the origins, Golden Years, decline, culture, and religion of one of the most incredible ancient civilizations the world has ever seen. 

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod 

EMAIL: [email protected]

SOURCES

Gallery of temples! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Empire#Gallery_of_temples 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Empire 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_empire 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hariharalaya 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakong 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devaraja#Cambodia_and_Khmer_empire 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devaraja#Cambodia_and_Khmer_empire 

https://www.nla.gov.au/digital-classroom/year-8/asia-pacific-world/angkorkhmer-empire-c802-c1431/themes/way-life-khmer# 

https://academic.oup.com/book/39071/chapter-abstract/338392949?redirectedFrom=fulltext  (The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume Two: The History of Empires. Peter Fibiger Bang (ed.) et al.)

https://around.uoregon.edu/content/new-research-shows-how-many-people-lived-angkor-empire 

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abf8441 

https://youtu.be/9QzNVorZOUM (population density from U of Oregon)

https://www.oup.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/58191/Chapter-13-The-Khmer-Empire-obook-only.pdf 

Damian Evans, Martin Polkinghorne, Roland Fletcher, David Brotherson, Tegan Hall, et al.. Perspectives on the ’Collapse’ of Angkor and the Khmer Empire. The Angkorian World, pp.541-553, 2023. Ffhal-04109009f (https://hal.science/hal-04109009v1/document ) 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phnom_Bakheng 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre_Rup 

Though no one really knows what goes on in Russia’s Siberia, everyone knows it’s one of the most extreme landscapes in the world. Covering most of Northern Asia, the millions-of-square-kilometers Russian providence is sparsely populated, even to this day, with all sorts of technology that could potentially help humans thrive in extreme climates. But even in Siberia, there are towns and settlements that seems impossibly habitable. Yet, people survive. What if told you that there were 2 towns in Siberia, thousands of miles apart, that both claim to hold the record for the coldest natural temperature ever recorded on earth? Would you believe me if I told you near one was a highway known as the Road of Bones, and that the other can’t even be accessed by land? What if, even in temperatures as low as negative 90 degrees fahrenheit, the people in these two towns have found a way to survive?

Please enjoy the moments where I struggle more with English than I do with Russian :). 

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod

EMAIL: [email protected] 

SOURCES

2020 Deaths on the Road of Bones: https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/r eal-life/news-life/man-frozen-to-death-after-google-maps-wrong-turn/news-story/13e10cbbc96494ee26e6dea29f4fb469 

Follow the Road of Bones from Yakutsk to Magadan https://www.google.com/maps/place/P-504,+Russia/@61.7037656,128.583995,8.21z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x5bf7b58f347f1d17:0xb86876cc7bcdfe3b!8m2!3d63.2255969!4d139.5916149!16zL20vMDdwcms5?entry=ttu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_of_Cold

https://web.archive.org/web/20090106205056/http://askyakutia.com/tag/pole-of-cold/ 

https://web.archive.org/web/20120420233601/http://wmo.asu.edu/northern-hemisphere-lowest-temperature 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakon 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkhoyansk 

https://widerimage.reuters.com/story/the-pole-of-cold 

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/photo/pole-cold-life-inside-coldest-known-region-northern-hemisphere-flna1c8417978 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R504_Kolyma_Highway 

https://www.britannica.com/place/Sakha-republic-Russia 

https://www.rbth.com/history/333033-road-bones-kolyma-gulag 

https://www.dangerousroads.org/eastern-europe/russia/48-federal-highway-russia.html#google_vignette 

https://www.britannica.com/place/Verkhoyansk 

https://www.businessinsider.com/verkhoyansk-russia-most-miserable-place-2014-2 

https://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/vying-for-extreme-tourists-in-siberia-the-cold-war-at-the-arctic-circle-a-402570.html 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulag 

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/defaultinterstitial.cms 

https://wmo.asu.edu/content/asia-lowest-temperature 

The improbable Spanish conquest over the Mexica empire has been a focal point for many Latin American historians. With little resources or men and even less support from the royals, Hernán Cortés’s expedition into what is now Mexico should have been a sure failure. And yet, Cortés is often considered one of the biggest successes in the conquests of the New World. This view has been held since the 16th century. What created the success of the ill prepared Cortes and earned him his place in the historical hall of fame? How does language play an intricate role in colonization, even when the colonizers want to stomp out the existing cultures? What if Cortes’ conquest over the Mexica empire was only possible because of the collaboration of two “insiders” that worked as Cortes’s interpreter clear up until the moment Mexica’s “capital”, Tenochtitlan, fell?

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod

EMAIL: [email protected]

SOURCES

The one full of primary sources: eds. Stuart B. Schwartz and Tatiana Seijas, Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Fall of the Mexica Empire: A Brief History with Documents, 2nd Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2018) 

Adorno, Rolena. The Polemics of Possession in Spanish American Narrative. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2007.

Brinkerhoff, Thomas J. “Reexamining the Lore of the “Archetypal Conquistador”: Hernán Cortés and the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire, 1519-1521.” The History Teacher 49, no. 2 (February 2016): 169-187.

Candelaria, Cordelia. “La Malinche, Feminist Prototype.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 5, no. 2 (Summer 1980): 1-6. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3346027.

Cervantes, Fernando. Conquistadores: A New History of Spanish Discovery and Conquest. New York: Viking, 2020.

Greer, Julie Johnson. “Bernal Dias and the Women of the Conquest.” Hispanófila, no. 82 (September 1984): 67-77. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43808106.

Metcalf, Alida C. “Go-betweens.” In Go Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil: 1500-1600, 1-15. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2005.

Prescott, William H. History of the Conquest of Mexico. Montezuma ed. 4 vols. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1843.

Townsend, Camilla. Malintzin’s Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, 2006.

Waldemer, Thomas P. “Lost and Found in Translation: Carlos Fuentes’s “Las Dos Orillas.”” Romance Notes 39, no. 2 (Winter 1999): 145-151. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4380 29 84.

White, Richard. “2. The Middle Ground.” In The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815, 50-93. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexica (Don't tell on me)

https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/the-history-of-the-americas/the-conquest-of-mexico/narrative-overviews/the-narvaez-expedition 

https://www.history.com/news/hernan-cortes-conquered-aztec-empire 

The rise of consumer culture in the early decades of the 20th century corresponded with major adjustments of the woman’s position in society. As the evolving workforce opened doors for women to enter, the consumer culture also had to expand. But how could we possibly know? In what ways can we see the consumer culture shift and adjust to make way for women rising in a world before multimedia advertising? Well, what if, between 100-1950s, advertisements still held the mirror up to consumerism and exposed the root of societal wants?

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod

EMAIL: [email protected] 

SOURCES

--Primary--

BNA, The Sketch, 30 March 1910.

BNA, The Ottawa Free Press, 16 September 1916.

BNA, The Sphere, 8 December 1928.

BNA, The Express, 6 April 1935.

BNA, Britannia & Eve, March 1950.

--Secondary--

Baudrillard, Jean. The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. California: Sage, 1998.

Hilton, Matthew. “The Female Consumer and the Politics of Consumption in Twentieth-Century Britain.” The Historical Journal 45, no. 1 (March 2002): 103-128.

Lopate, Carol. “Selling to Ms. Consumer.” College English 38, no. 8 (April 1977): 824-834.

Ostrander, Paula. “The Disruption of Victorian Class and Gender Norms: British Anxieties Regarding Shopping.” The General Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History, 4 (May 2019): 58-73.

https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/a-brief-history-of-consumer-culture/ 

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tupperware-consumer/ 

https://americanhistory.si.edu/american-enterprise-exhibition/consumer-era 

https://wams.nyhistory.org/modernizing-america/ 

Latin and South America have incredible amounts of artifacts and ruins that teach us about their beautiful and complex ancient civilizations. Names like Aztec, Mayan, and Inca are household names. From ritual pyramids to intricate burials to beautiful art, pottery, and instruments, the pieces of culture left behind by these ancient people have been great supplements to the written information that clue us into the past. 

But what if we go so far back that there is no writing? What do archeologists and anthropologists do when they uncover a complicated and sophisticated culture long past, but all they have are bits and pieces to put history back together? How do we know how accurate their conclusions are? Can we really decipher what pottery art and burial pieces really meant? or, when looking for meaning, what if we find lines dug into the sand 2,000 years ago, lines that span hundreds of square miles, a planned project of a civilization long extinguished, with no guidebook of intention? 

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod 

EMAIL: [email protected] 

NOTE: I'm sorry about the cloudy audio. Dunno what happened :( I promise the content is worth the ear pain, and it won't happen again! 

~Enjoy~

Interactive map of the Nazca Lines: http://141.56.143.3/mapbender/app.php/application/Nasca-Web-Application 

Extensive map of the Nazca Lines: https://www.machutravelperu.com/blog/nazca-lines-map

Google Maps link: https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Nazca+Lines,+Peru/Nazca,+Peru/@-13.8599645,-77.1041341,6.4z/data=!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x91141e46ccb532ad:0x1802d2b96697b591!2m2!1d-75.130005!2d-14.739027!1m5!1m1!1s0x91141e43a06762e3:0x64e08364e890ec02!2m2!1d-74.9327583!2d-14.8358687?entry=ttu

Sources! 

Nasca Ceramic Iconography: An Overview | Donald A. Proulx, University of Massachusetts.

Lines and Geogpyphs of Nasca and Palpa | UNESCO.

Nazca Civilization | World History Encyclopeida.

Nazca Lines: Mysterious geoglyphs in Peru | LiveScience.

Why the Nazca Lines are among Peru's greatest mysteries | National Geographic.

Study may have solved the history of the Nazca Lines | Heritage Daily.

I - Peru - Nazca Lines | iTravel2Learn.

Nazca Lines | Brittannica.

Nazca Culture | Wikipedia. (Don't tell on me)

Who were the Nazca? | The British Museum.

Truck Driver Plows Over Peru's 2,000-Year-Old Nazca Lines, Leaving 'Deep Scars' | NPR.

Greenpeace Apologizes For Stunt At Peru's Sacred Nazca Lines | npr.

Peru to take legal action over Greenpeace stunt at ancient Nazca lines | The Guardian.

Trucker Drives Over Mysterious Ancient Monuments | National Geographic.

Nazca | Wikipedia.

Nasca Killer Whate | American Museum of Natural History.

El Niño | National Geographic.

Researchers find 168 more ancient images at Peru's Nazca Lines | npr.

The Measure of Things.

We all love the cute little snout of the bulldog, whether it be the American, English, or French variety. But not many of us know that generations before us brought the beloved dog the to the seeder side of life, from fighting to brothels... 

A short, fun one for you all today! Come listen to me destroy the French language! 

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod

EMAIL: [email protected]

Sources

French Bulldog History: A Complicated Past From Brothels to Royals | American Kennel Club.

History of the Frenchie | Frenchopedia.

French Bulldog Histoy | French Bull Dog Breed.

History of the French Bulldog Breed | French Bull Dog Club of America.

What Were French Bulldogs Bred For? Original Use, History, and Jobs 
| A-Z Animals.

The Fascinating History of French Bulldogs 100 Years Ago | PawsGeek.

French Bulldog | Wikipedia (don't tell on me).

Frenchie History Lesson: The Origin of the French Bulldog | Frenchie.

The Selective Breeding of English Bulldogs Has Led to a Lot of Health Problems | The Smithsonian.

Vets want animal lovers to stop buying ‘unhealthy’ English bulldogs | CNN.

Bulldog History: A Wrinkle in Time | American Kennel Club.

Bulldog | Wikipedia.

The History of Bulldogs | Ceasar's Way.

English Bulldog: History, Facts, and Personality Traits | World Animal Foundation.

British Bulldog | Jane Dogs.

Bulldog | Brittannica.

The History of the Bulldog | The Great British Bull Dog Blogs.

Bearbaiting | Brittannica.

Cruelty to Animals Act of 1835 | Wikipedia.

Old English Bulldog | Wikipedia.

French Bulldog | Brittannica.

Toy Bulldog | Dog Breed Info.

Montmartre | Introducing Paris.

Montmartre, an authentic village in the heart of Paris | Paris Je t'aime.

Montmartre | Wikipedia.

American Bulldog | American Kennel Club.

American Bulldog | Wikipedia.

The American Bulldog | American Bulldog Association.

Value of 5 Pounds from 1835 to 2023 | CPI Inflation Calculator.

The tension between North and South Korea is well documented and terrifying. But do you know just how close war was in August 1976, over a tree?

It very much sounds like I am saying G-S-A... It is indeed J-S-A, I was just putting a twang on my J.... 

Enjoy some of my blunders. Trying to get a little more conversational with y'all! 

EMAIL: [email protected]

INSTAGRAM: nicheyhistory_pod

Sources! 

JSA GOOGLE MAPS LINK!

Briefing Books | Korean Tree Incident.

Meeting Minutes - Washington Special Action Group, August 1976.

Korean axe murder incident | Wikipedia. (Don't tell anyone I used Wikipedia...)

The Deliminitzeration Zone | Time. 

Demilitarized Zone | History.com.

Armistice Agreement for the Restoration of the South Korean State (1953). 

Korean Armistice Agreement | Wikipedia.

Korean War Armistice Agreement | Archives.gov.

Military Demarcation Line | Wikipedia.

DMZ | Korea Konsult.

The DMZ 'gardening job' that almost sparked a war | BBC News.

Axe-wielding murder at Panmunjom | UN Korean War Allies Association.

The Axe Murders of Two US Army Officers Almost Sparked a Second Korean War. | War History Online.

An Axe Murder Triggers a Standoff in Korea's DMZ, 1976 | Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training.

Bridge of No Return | Wikipedia.

Joint Security Area | Wikipedia.

Panmunjeom (Joint Security Area) | Visit Korea.

United Nations Command.

Barrett, Mark Thomas | American War Memorials Oversees, Inc.

Briefing Papers, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Panmunjom Incident.

WSAG Meeting on Korean Incident.

H-Files | Richard Nixon Presidentail Library & Museum.

DEFCON | Wikipedia.

DEFCON Levels | Military.com.

The Vietnam is a well-worn historical tale. But not many people touch on how the explosion of TV spearheaded the antiwar movement... 

The famous and overly-referenced website: https://brigjes2.wixsite.com/how-tv-disillusioned

New research for this episode: 

Humans love fear: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/excellent-beauty/201607/is-the-world-more-dangerous-now-ever#:~:text=So%20the%20world%20is%20today,is%20our%20most%20probable%20end.

Start your own country: https://foreignpolicy.com/2008/02/26/how-to-start-your-own-country-in-four-easy-steps/#cookie_message_anchor

Fall of French Indochina colonial rule: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/dien-bien-phu

How the Vietnam War started after Geneva Accords: https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history#when-did-the-vietnam-war-start 

Gulf of Tonkin Incident: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/gulf-of-tonkin 

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/tonkin-gulf-resolution

Good picture that is on the instagram:  https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-vietnam-war-ia-drang-valley

The Tet Offensive, beginning of the end: https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/story/Article/3291950/highlighting-history-how-tet-began-the-end-of-vietnam/ 

Draft Lottery: https://www.studentsofhistory.com/vietnam-war-draft#:~:text=The%20draft%20lottery%20was%20based,sequence%20from%201%20until%20366.

"The Terrors of War": https://www.loc.gov/item/2009632262/?loclr=blogfit 

About Napalm: https://www.warhistoryonline.com/vietnam-war/history-napalm-vietnam-war.html#:~:text=Napalm%20became%20a%20psychological%20weapon,yards%20engulfed%20in%20unquenchable%20fire.

Vietnam War Photos: https://www.history.com/news/vietnam-war-photos 

Photographer of "The Terrors of War," Nick Ut, talks about the little girl in the picture, Kim Phuc, and the experience of capturing that moment. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/06/02/nick-ut-vietnam-war-photo-kim-phuc/

We've all heard the great stories of Ancient Greece, of their math, science, and philosophy. We all know how important their legacy is. So why don't we know about the battle that saved it from destruction? 

Primary Sources

Aeschylus. The Persians. Trans. Anthony J. Podleck: Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970. Print.

Ctesias. Ctesias’ Persian History. Trans. Jan P. Stronk. Düssldorf: Wellem, 2010. Print.

Herodotus. The Histories. Ed. Robert B. Strassler. Trans. Andrea L. Purvis. New York: Pantheon, 2007. Print.

Ostraka. 500 BCE. Pottery. National Trust, Ontario.                               

Secondary Sources

https://web.archive.org/web/20161024125945/http://www.ancient.eu/salamis/

https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/persia/explore.html

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/greek-city-states/

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/history/classical-studies/consulting-the-oracle-delphi#:~:text=Themistocles'%20interpretation%20wins%20the%20day,to%20be%20the%20'wooden%20wall'

Allen, Paul. “Battle of Salamis – 20th of September 480 BC.” AncienGreekBattles.  N.p., 2006. Web.

Berrigan, Joseph. “Battle of Salamis.” Ancient Mesopotamia. N.p., 10 Apr. 2013.  Web.

Cartwright, Marle. “Salamis.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., 5 May 2013.  Web.

Dando – Collins, Stephen. Rise of an Empire. Tennessee: Turner Publishing Company, 2013. Print.

Darling, David. “Themistocles (514-449 BC).” The Words of David Darling. N.p., n.d. Web.

Fitzgerald, Peter. “The Battle of Salamis.” The Finer Times: War, Crime, and History Resources. N.p., 2008. Web.

Forman, Werner. Bust of Themistocles. Digital Image. Arts Resource. N.p., n.d. Web.

Halsall, Paul. “Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Themistocles. Internet Sourcebooks. N.p., Jan., 1999. Web.

Hanson, Victor Davis. “Two: Freedom.” Carnage and Culutre: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power. New York: Doubleday, 2001. Print.

Hickman, Kennedy. “Persian Wars: Battle of Salamis.” About.com. N.p., n.d. Web.

Holland, Tom. “Nemesis.” Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. New York: Doubleday, 2005. Print.

Kent, Emerson. The Battle of Salamis. Digital Image. EmersonKent.com. N.p, n.d. Web.

Lendering, Jona. “Salamis (480 BCE).” Livius. N.p., 2004. Web.

Rayment, W.J. “Aftermath of Salamis.” InDepthInfo. N.p., 2014. Web.

(Author Unknown). “Salmais(Ancient City, Cyprus).” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web.

“The Battle of Salamis.” Spyglass Hill. Ed. Spyglass Hill Naval Academy. N.p., n.d. Web.