From June 3, 1943 to June 8, 1943, American servicemen attacked mostly Mexican American youth (but also Black and Filipino youth), identifying their victims by their outfit: the Zoot Suit. Hundreds were arrested, but probably not who you were thinking.In this epiosde, Cristina tells Carmen about this dark event in US history.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Sources

Zoot suit riots. (2002). In Infobase. Infobase. https://ezproxy.spl.org/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Faccess.infobase.com%2Fvideo%2F11960-zoot-suit-riots%3Faid%3D79331%26rak%3D1
https://www.history.com/articles/zoot-suit-riots
Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race and Riot in Wartime LA by Eduardo Obregon Pagan
The Woman in the Zoot Suit by Catherine S. Ramirez
The Zoot-Suit Riots: The Psychology of Symbolic Annihilation by Mauricio Mazo
https://www.latimes.com/california/list/zoot-suit-riot-timeline-sleepy-lagoon-murder-trial

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The CIA built him. Then they tried to erase him.Trained by Mossad, the DEA, and Fidel Castro’s Cuba, Carlos Wittgreen became the triple spy at the center of Panama’s shadow wars. As Manuel Noriega’s right hand, he carried secrets powerful enough to topple governments.Now, hundreds of long-hidden files have been unearthed. Once owned by Noriega and hidden for decades, these documents, combined with firsthand testimony, reveal how the United States created his regime, exploited him during the Cold War, and dismantled him when he stopped serving their interests and became volatile. This is not only the story of one American-backed dictator but the blueprint. From Latin America to the Middle East, America has built leaders, used them, and discarded them. The Right Hand Man exposes what happens when that system reaches its breaking point and why the same playbook is still in use today.

Carmen and Cristina had the opportunity to chat with author Cillian Dunne about his new book, the Right Hand Man. 

Keep up with Cillian on social media: https://www.instagram.com/dunne.cillian/?hl=en

Get a copy of the Right Hand Man: https://a.co/d/8qrQMFy

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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José Gallardo Díaz, a young Mexican man found barely breathing near Sleepy Lagoon, a reservoir in commerce, CA, on August 2, 1942. The case became a flashpoint for racial tension and injustice in Los Angeles. Without this case and the trial that followed, the infamous Zoot Suit riots may not have happened. In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen the unjust trial that led to people v zamora.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepy_Lagoon_murder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell,_California
https://www.history.com/articles/zoot-suit-riots
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/zoot-jose-gallardo-diaz/
https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/people-v-zamorra
Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race and Riot in Wartime LA by Eduardo Obregon Pagan
The Woman in the Zoot Suit by Catherine S. Ramirez
The Zoot-Suit Riots: The Psychology of Symbolic Annihilation by Mauricio Mazo

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Welcome to the yappies! We present nominees in different categories, Grifter of the Year, Prisoner of the Year, Villian of the Year and Moral Panic of the Year. In this snippet, you'll hear the grifter of the year portion and the full episode is over on Patreon. We will be back to our regular schedule next week!

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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USE CODE C7298 FOR 30% ON PATREON MEMBERSHIPS, CODE VALID UNTIL 12/31/35

By joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagram

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José Gallardo Díaz, a young Mexican man found barely breathing near Sleepy Lagoon, a reservoir in commerce, CA, on August 2, 1942. The case became a flashpoint for racial tension and injustice in Los Angeles. Without this case and the trial that followed, the infamous Zoot Suit riots may not have happened. In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen the context leading up to the death of Jose Diaz, in the next part, she will discuss the trial. 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcast

USE CODE C7298 FOR 30% ON PATREON MEMBERSHIPS, CODE VALID UNTIL 12/31/35

By joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagram

Follow on social media:

Instagram: https : //www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historiasunknown

Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepy_Lagoon_murder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell,_California
https://www.history.com/articles/zoot-suit-riots
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/zoot-jose-gallardo-diaz/
https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/people-v-zamorra
Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race and Riot in Wartime LA by Eduardo Obregon Pagan
The Woman in the Zoot Suit by Catherine S. Ramirez
The Zoot-Suit Riots: The Psychology of Symbolic Annihilation by Mauricio Mazo

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On December 11, 1981, the US trained Atlácatl battalion descended on the village of el Mozote (and surrounding villages) and enacted one of the worst human rights violations in Latin America. They murdered women, children and village. After their attack was over, it is estimated that at least 1000 civilians were killed. Survivors of the attack are still trying to seek justice.In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about the Salvadoran civil war and the massacre of El Mozote. 

This episode was originally released in 2022, this is a reupload, but with updates regarding the trial. It discusses a massacre during the Salvadoran civil war, murder of children and rape are discussed, listen with care (or feel free to skip this episode if these are topics are triggering).

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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By joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagram

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Trial update from Cristosal: https://www.instagram.com/p/DSDZsNSEbfI/?igsh=MTVpNXgwdDJqaHpydQ==

Sources

http://www.lib.luc.edu/specialcollections/exhibits/show/ellacuria-tapes
https://www.historycrunch.com/causes-of-the-cold-war.html#/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/05/13/us-role-el-mozote-massacre-still-echoes-immigration-today/
https://elfaro.net/es/201003/noticias/1416/How-we-killed-Archbishop-Romero.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War#Aims_of_the_junta's_violent_repression
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlacatl_Battalion
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/09/world/americas/09amaya.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8E-RJxjYMo
https://www.dplf.org/en/resources/el-mozote-massacre-trial-decades-long-search-justice-el-salvador-continues
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/26/world/americas/el-salvador-el-mazote-massacre.html
https://www.latinorebels.com/2018/09/06/daughterofelmozotesurvivor/
https://www.axios.com/el-mozote-salvador-massacre-40-years-22099231-a62f-45af-a53d-ddb639be60af.html
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Lai_massacre#:~:text=Victims%20included%20men%2C%20women%2C%20children,in%20C%20Company%2C%20was%20convicted.
Danner, M. (2005). The massacre at El Mozote:
A parable of the Cold War. Granta Books.
https://www.propublica.org/article/survivors-and-families-of-victims-of-a-1981-el-salvador-massacre-see-justice-slip-away-again#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16707316579004&referrer=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Fsurvivors-and-families-of-victims-of-a-1981-el-salvador-massacre-see-justice-slip-away-again
https://elfaro.net/en/202104/el_salvador/25441/US-Government-Hid-Presence-of-US-Advisor-in-Mozote-Massacre-Expert-Says.htm
https://unfinishedsentences.org/el-faro-the-day-the-offended-of-el-mozote-silenced-the-military/

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In 1833, an indigenous man named Anastasio Aquino led a rebellion against the Spanish. Cristina tellls Carmen about this moment in Salvadoran history.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bg

Sources
https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213557
/http://www.travelotica.com/travelguide/59/el-salvador/anastasio-aquino-and-the-indigenous-rebellion-18158.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasio_Aquino%27s_rebellion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide#
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America
https://www.puntorojomag.org/tag/anastasio-aquino/https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/export-of-colors/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipil_people#Spanish_conquest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atl%C3%A1catl
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_the_Cakchiquels
https://minorityrights.org/communities/indigenous-peoples-2/
"Anastasio Aquino, rey de los Nonualcos." La Estrella de Panama, 24 May 2024. Gale OneFile: Informe Académico, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A795577479/IFME?u=spl_main&sid=bookmark-IFME&xid=c8bdc4aa. Accessed 2 Dec. 2025.

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There was a song that could get someone killed if they were caught listening to it during the Salvadoran Civil War. In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about this song. 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcast

By joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagram

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The video with the song: https://youtu.be/7wYmv4ZgNa0?si=zO0KlA-RFvVWTixv

Tiktok video mentioned: https://www.tiktok.com/@coradesalvi/video/7232751084203298094?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7461093047661839903

Sources

https://www.elescenariodelosclasicos.com/page.php?id=2291
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%AD_Primera
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%AD_Primera
https://www.radioprogresohn.net/aplicacion-movil/los-guaraguao-en-los-70-anos-de-la-huelga-de-1954/

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On Nov. 16, 1989, six Jesuit scholars/priests, their housekeeper, and her daughter were murdered by the U.S. backed, trained, and equipped military in El Salvador. The priests were scholars who wrote and spoke extensively against the war.

In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about this massacre, CW: this episode is heavy.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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By joining, you can help Historias Unknown donate 20% funds to charity. This month's donation went to CLEAN, carwash worker center, an org that has been helping car wash workers who are unable to leave their homes due to increasing ICE raids in LA county, by providing groceries to over 200 car wash workers. Follow @carwasherxs on instagram

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Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_murders_of_Jesuits_in_El_Salvador
https://www.derechos.org/nizkor/salvador/informes/truth.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_Ellacur%C3%ADa
https://cja.org/what-we-do/litigation/the-jesuits-massacre-case/
https://www.npr.org/2019/11/16/774176106/i-miss-them-always-a-witness-recounts-el-salvador-s-1989-jesuit-massacre
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/scholars-priests-killed/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/26/el-salvadors-former-president-charged-over-1989-massacre-of-six-jesuit-priests
https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/spain-convicts-sentences-salvadoran-man-133-years-1989-jesuit-massacre
https://www.ncronline.org/news/el-salvador-try-former-president-1989-killing-jesuits-companions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_Mart%C3%ADn-Bar%C3%B3
http://cja.org/what-we-do/litigation/the-jesuits-massacre-case/clients/?id=116


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La definición de linchamiento del Instituto Tuskegee es la siguiente: Debe existir evidencia legal de que una persona fue asesinada. Dicha persona debe haber muerto ilegalmente. Un grupo de tres o más personas debe haber participado en el asesinato. El grupo debe haber actuado bajo el pretexto de defender la justicia, la raza o la tradición. En consecuencia, el número de linchamientos contra mexicanos en Estados Unidos entre 1848 y 1928 asciende a al menos 548.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Historias Unknown is on YouTube now! 

https://youtube.com/@historiasunknown?si=_rmuVXrSQhs5R1bg

Sources

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

Want ad free episodes? And weekly bonus episodes? Support Historias Unknown on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/HistoriasUnknownPodcast

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources

https://southernspaces.org/2018/review-lynching-mexicans-texas-borderlands/
https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-texas-rangers-good-guys-no-more/
Lynching in the West: 1850-1935 (a John Hope Franklin Center Book) by Ken Gonzales-Day
The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaser_Act#:~:text=The%20original%20title%20of%20the,potential%20avenues%20of%20employment%20for
https://bajaarizonahistory.org/filibuster-on-the-sonoita/

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