The National Synarchist Union was a fascist organization in Mexico, and was most popular from 1940 to around 1943. It sought the unity of the Catholic church and government, and for the church to rule; although it never gained much power, its beliefs and goals are comparable to Christian nationalism in the US, which we are seeing fighting for control of the US. 

In this episode, Carmen tells Cristina about this brief organization in Mexico.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Urquiza 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synarchism#:~:text=Synarchism%20generally%20means%20%22joint%20rule,Catholic%20theocracy%20movement%20in%20Mexico. 
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sinarquism
https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/cultural/v3n1/v3n1a2.pdf 
https://web.archive.org/web/20110708041400/http://guanaco17.blogspot.com/2008/06/manifiesto-sinarquista-de-1937.html 
https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069 &context=hist_etds&httpsredir=1&referer= 
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/what-is-christian-nationalism-and-why-it-raises-concerns-about-threats-to-democracy 
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1260150915 
https://open.spotify.com/episode/2TSJu4oyWlxIVA8BK589EM?si=li-noigSQWentPZlXa7voQ&nd=1&dlsi=86e1cc12785d4873 ​​https://religionnews.com/2025/06/14/suspect-in-killing-of-minnesota-legislator-is-an-ordained-minister-who-evangelized-in-africa/ 

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On January 28, 1918, Company B of the Texas Rangers along with 4 local ranchmen and a US armny unit descended into the small town of Porvenir, Texas. They woke up the 140 residents and separated the men and boys from the women, younger children and elderly, then proceeded to gun down the able bodied men and boys over 14. This is known today as the Porvenir Massacre and took place during the ten year period called the Hour of Blood or La Matanza.

This is a very heavy episode, listen with caution.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources: 

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva
https://www.porvenirmassacre.org/https://thc.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/Porvenir_Marker_01.jpg
https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/discover/artifacts/harry-warren-porvenir-notebook-spotlight-1-1-19
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division#Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum
https://thc.texas.gov/blog/remembering-porvenir-massacre
https://www.texastribune.org/2020/08/15/texas-rangers-racist-violent-history/
https://www.texasobserver.org/century-porvenir-massacre-remembering-one-texas-darkest-days/
https://www.texasranger.org/Pages/History/Timeline#section-4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidio_County,_Texas
https://refusingtoforget.org/chico-cano/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canales_Investigation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tom%C3%A1s_Canales


Lesson plans about Porvenir for teachers: https://www.porvenirmassacre.org/educational.html

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The years from 1910 to 1920 are known as La Matanza (the massacre) or La Hora de Sangre (the hour of blood). This violence was committed by state police, vigilantes and military, including the Texas rangers, whose violence was worse during 1915 to 1919. Estimates of the number of dead Mexicans from these years range from 300 to 5000, but it’s not exact because so many murders went unreported.

In this episode, Cristina talks about the lynching of two teens in Texas during La Matanza. The lynching of 14 year old Antonio Gomez and 15 year old Leon Martinez.

This is a very heavy episode, listen with caution.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources: 

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva

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The years from 1910 to 1920 were brutal, and are known by a couple names, La Matanza (the massacre) or La Hora de Sangre (the hour of blood). This violence was committed by state police, vigilantes and military, including the Texas rangers, whose violence was worse during 1915 to 1919. Estimates of the number of dead Mexicans from these years range from 300 to 5000, but it’s not exact because so many murders went unreported. 

The lynching of Antonio Rodriguez is considered the first during this deadly 10 year period. 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva

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The Lynching of Josefa took place on July 5, 1851 in Downieville, California in Sierra county. Throughout history, she has gone unnamed, her name has been changed or only a first name was ever provided.  Her name was Josefa Loaiza, as time went on, her name became only Juanita. She was the first and only Mexican woman lynched in California

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe


Sources

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928

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The Tuskegee Institure’s definition of lynching is as follows: There must be legal evidence that a person was killed. That person must have met death illegally. A group of three or more persons must have participated in the killing. The group must have acted under the pretext of service to justice, race or tradition. Following that, the amount of lynchings against Mexicans in the US from 1848 to 1928 is at least 548. 

In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about the history of lynchings against Mexicans in the US. This is part one of a mini series discussing this dark chapter in US history. Listen with care. In the next episode, Cristina will discuss the lynching of Josefa in California. 

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources

https://southernspaces.org/2018/review-lynching-mexicans-texas-borderlands/
https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-texas-rangers-good-guys-no-more/
Lynching in the West: 1850-1935 (a John Hope Franklin Center Book)by Ken Gonzales-Day
The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaser_Act#:~:text=The%20original%20title%20of%20the,potential%20avenues%20of%20employment%20for
https://bajaarizonahistory.org/filibuster-on-the-sonoita/

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Carmen Rodriguez was treated at Lincoln hospital just a few days after the Young Lords occupied the building. The care she received directly led to the creation of the Patient Bill of rights.This is part two of last week's episode.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

This episode was edited by Bex Carlos & Alex Rogpe

Sources

https://disruptnow.org/defining-the-enemy/young-lords-expose-murder-at-lincoln-hospital
https://disruptnow.org/tag/healthcare
https://centerforhealthequity.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/fernandez-intro.pdf
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/lincoln-pediatric-collective/
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/224c69d9f2c44c31a7654fde7108f08f
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/young-lords
How We Occupied a Hospital and Changed Public Health Care

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On July 14, 1970 the Young Lords occupied Lincoln hospital, in response to the treatment of Puerto Rican and Black patients. They had a list of demands and the offensive was just one piece of their public health activism. 

In part one, Cristina tells Carmen about what led up to the offensive and about the occupation of the hospital itself. Part two will be about Carmen Rodriguez  and how the care she received led to the patient bill of rights.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources

https://disruptnow.org/defining-the-enemy/young-lords-expose-murder-at-lincoln-hospital
https://disruptnow.org/tag/healthcare
https://centerforhealthequity.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/fernandez-intro.pdf
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/lincoln-pediatric-collective/
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/224c69d9f2c44c31a7654fde7108f08f
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/young-lords
How We Occupied a Hospital and Changed Public Health Care


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Because of the movie Sinners, there has been a lot of talk about why Mexicans were not in Mississippi in 1932. With many blaming Mexican repatriation, which took place from 1929 to 1939. But it seems the truth is more complicated than that.

Cristina tells Carmen about the brief history of Mexicans in the Mississippi.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historiasunknown/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources
https://daily.jstor.org/jim-crow-affected-mexican-immigrants-too/
https://www.axios.com/2022/02/24/tamales-blues-latino-links-american-black-south
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.5149/9781469624976_weise.5.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3Aeea05938c570713b8d1b39c47033e1e1&ab_segments=&initiator=&acceptTC=1
Different from That Which Is Intended for the Colored Race: Mexicans and Mexico in Jim Crow Mississippi, 1918–1939 Book Title: Corazón de Dixie Book Subtitle: Mexicanos in the U.S. South since 1910 Book Author(s): JULIE M. WEISE Published by: University of North Carolina Press. (2015)
https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/mexicans-and-mexican-americans-mississippi-delta/
https://www.sunherald.com/news/local/counties/jackson-county/article254921792.html#amp_ct=1745534488450&_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17455342513681&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunherald.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcounties%2Fjackson-county%2Farticle254921792.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation
https://www.uscis.gov/about-us/our-history/stories-from-the-archives/ins-records-for-1930s-mexican-repatriations
https://indianahistory.org/blog/by-the-train-loads-mexican-repatriation-movement-in-the-midwest-part-i/
https://indianahistory.org/blog/by-the-train-loads-mexican-repatriation-movement-in-the-midwest-part-ii/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_tamale_(food)

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On November 5, 1843, an enslaved woman named Carlota Lucumi, also known as La Negra Carlota de Cuba, led an uprising at the Triunvirato sugar plantation, located in Matanzas, Cuba. The uprising became known as the Triunvirato Rebellion, and inspired further rebellions among the enslaved in Cuba. Carmen shares the story of Carlota Lucumi and at the end, Cristina shares a brief Bukele update.

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email [email protected] or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources

Working Class History: Everyday Acts of Resistance and Rebellion 
https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/carlotta-lucumi-la-negra-carlota-1844/
https://www.afrocubaweb.com/carlota.htm
https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2019/3/15/1840991/-Black-Kos-Week-In-Review-She-was-a-rebel-slave-leader-a-cold-war-symbol-and-a-modern-icon

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