History of the Peloponnesian War, The by Thucydides (Θουκυδίδης) (c. 460 BCE - c. 395 BCE)

Century BC. It was written by Thucydides, an Athenian general who served in the war. It is widely considered a classic and regarded as one of the earliest scholarly works of history. The History is divided into eight books. These book divisions are the work of editors in later antiquity.

W. R. Connor [...] describes Thucydides as "an artist who responds to, selects and skillfully arranges his material, and develops its symbolic and emotional potential."
(Summary from Wikipedia)