Reframing negative events into those more optimistic had made marionettes of our hearts. I didn’t eat that unhealthy, sugar-laden apple fritter! I ate a non-nutrient-dense-food that I enjoyed and was still able to maneuver into my healthy lifestyle! I didn’t slack off on my responsibilities, routines, and committing to that which is difficult; I’m just in a different season right now. I didn’t snap at my husband, it was just a trauma response. There may be miniscule kernels of truth in these reframes, but they all have one, common denominator: they’re lies we tell ourselves to avoid the truth.
The semantic shape-shifting can, though, result in a drive to change behavior. People with a cynical disposition may benefit from swapping “I have to” to “I get to”, or even beginning each day with a statement like, “Today will be a good one.” Or, at worst, “Today will not be a bad one.” There’s ample evidence to suggest that behaving “as if” (that is, acting as if you already possess the mindset or trait of the person you want to be), even if we’re not entirely sold on the new identity, can influence the rate of positive thoughts and desirable behaviors. In the words of philosopher William James, “emotions follow behavior”. We cannot think ourselves to an improved life much like watching Tiger Woods golf will always fail to improve our swing. “The work” is in the doing, not the reframing or the talking about the doing. Also imperative to consider is our belief about our abilities. To behave “as if” is not “faking it until you make it” or a psychological sleight of hand. It’s merely accepting the possibility that you can be different. It technically is a form of “reframing”.
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When “positive reframing” goes awry is when it’s used as a substitution for accepting a problem. With reframes hellbent on generating “positive spins”, we end up putting our effort, energy, and attention toward a reality that may not be entirely rational or even accurate---- which most often results in irrational responding. Yes, you did eat that enormous Crumbl cookie and yes, a thousand calories of sugar and butter is bad for you. Yes, there are such things as bad foods, regardless of the frequency or volume, and no, moderation is not an attainable, measurable goal for the large majority who have no awareness as to how much they’re consuming on a day-to-day basis, let alone how to measure “moderation” based on that amount. Failure to accept these truths leads only to repeated, poor outcomes.
And to spend time trying to contort reality to one that stings less not only wastes that precious time we’ve so carefully managed--- but it disincentivizes change. To overly plan for the future so as to cushion the blow of uncertainty is one of the hallmark symptoms of anxiety disorders, although this symptom is masked as “self-reflection”, “self-help”, or “doing the work.” Analysis is good, but like anything else, even too much of a good thing can be… well… bad.
Thoughts influence emotions which influence behaviors, and double-vice-versa. It’s both the beauty and the tragedy of the mind-body connection. Somatic symptoms, like butterflies in our stomach or shaking hands, can trigger thoughts about a possible panic attack, which can cause us to reach for the Xanax or repeatedly call our husband for reassurance. That same pounding heart we accept as normal during a mile-run time trial suddenly becomes problematic when we’re in a supposed state of relaxation. The context in which we experience symptoms certainly plays a role in why they continue to occur, even more so than factors like genetics or our upbringings. Unfortunately and largely because of our culture, we tend to attribute struggles to more profound meanings: childhood, parenting, genetic dispositions to mental illness. In doing so, we actively dismiss the direct environmental factors largely within our control.
While I suppose telling ourselves we’re in a “slower season of life” fares emotionally better off than reminding ourselves we’re a pathetic loser with hypocritical tendencies, at the end of the day, the compassionate reminder still tends not to result in behavior change. We can remind ourselves we’re pathetic losers with hypocritical tendencies, or we can gently remind ourselves we’re simply in a slower season of life… but our behavior suggests that the reframe didn’t do much other than leave us with a fleeting sense of relief. It’s the same reason why people leave motivational speeches feeling inspired only to return to their everyday habits and routines, or relocate across the country for a “fresh start” only to find that their problems have followed them there. Because the issue was never their hometown or their house.
It’s imperative we recognize this: feeling better momentarily or even acutely does not imply any growth has occurred.Individuals with anxiety, for example, rely on their own series of crutches to help relieve discomfort of their symptoms. Relief from uncomfortable symptoms, which sometimes function as compelling evidence that our tactics are “working”, is what reinforces the idea that we’re in danger.
There are a few forms of avoidance that we all engage in from time to time, none of which require professional intervention or even much of a change. For the sake of this piece, though, we’ll focus on those repeated rituals that impair an individual’s quality of life. Below are the most common forms of avoidance I see that are inadvertently taught by professionals, parents, and educators.
1. SITUATIONAL AVOIDANCE
* Definition: Avoiding specific situations or places that trigger anxiety.
* Examples:
* Avoiding social situations, like work gatherings, public speaking events, parties.
* Not going to a certain store or restaurant.
2. COGNITIVE AVOIDANCE
* Definition: Avoiding thoughts or memories that cause distress.
* Examples:
* Rehashing negative events and dwelling on negative thoughts instead of addressing the thoughts.
* Avoiding talking about, reading about, or listening to topics that trigger anxiety.
3. PROTECTIVE AVOIDANCE
* Definition: Using actions to create a sense of safety or security in the environment.
* Examples:
* Excessively cleaning or organizing to feel in control.
* Seeking constant reassurance from others.
* Micromanaging others’ behavior.
4. SOMATIC AVOIDANCE
* Definition:
Avoiding situations that elicit physical sensations associated with anxiety, like a pounding heart, tightening of the chest, or shaking of the hands.
* Examples:
* Avoiding exercise or activities that can increase heart rate.
* Avoiding situations/places that trigger a panic attack.
* Avoiding specific foods or drinks that might cause a physical reaction.
5. SUBSTITUTION AVOIDANCE
* Definition:
Replacing uncomfortable feelings with other, more acceptable feelings or behaviors.
* Examples:
* Substituting anger, sadness, or negative emotions with “positive spins”.
* Using alcohol, drugs, or prescription pills to “numb out” anxiety.
* Engaging in excessive social media use to avoid addressing uncomfortable feelings.
6. SOCIAL AVOIDANCE
* Definition:
Avoiding social situations and interactions out of fear of negative evaluation or rejection.
* Examples:
* Refusing to initiate conversations.
* Only sharing thoughts and ideas publicly if they fall in line with a specific, acceptable narrative.
* Withdrawing from social activities and relationships.
7. SAFETY BEHAVIORS
* Definition: Engaging in specific behaviors to reduce or avoid anxiety in a situation.
* Examples:
* Taking a Xanax before you’re about to go into a potentially nerve-wracking situation.
* Sitting in the back of a classroom so you’re not called on.
* Over-preparing on a task that should take a short amount of time to avoid making a mistake.
* Not asking for feedback because of fear of criticism.
Some of these examples may resonate with you, and it’s possible you find yourself engaging in multiple forms of avoidance. This is acceptable--- you needn’t avoid this truth. We all employ a series of avoidance rituals from time to time, often times without conscious awareness. The key to overcoming such escapism is quite simple: it is to repeatedly expose yourself to that which you’re afraid of. There is literally no other way around it. You will never, and I repeat, never overcome feelings of nervousness or anxiety if you refuse to confront the very symptoms, locations, situations, or thoughts that trigger it in the first place.
Below, I’ve outlined strategies for each form of avoidance that I give as “homework assignments” to all of my students. You don’t need a professional behaviorist or psychologist to stand alongside you during these assignments. You only need to arm yourself with the belief that you’re capable of handling difficulty, and that nobody ever died from having a panic attack.
SITUATIONAL AVOIDANCE
* Definition: Avoiding specific situations or places that trigger anxiety.
* YOUR ANTIDOTE:
* Identify what sort of situation you’re avoiding, and immerse yourself in that situation. Breathe and do not leave: breathe in for 4 counts through your nose, hold for 4 counts, and exhale out of pursed lips for 4. Leave the situation only after your symptoms of anxiety have subsided.
COGNITIVE AVOIDANCE
* Definition: Avoiding thoughts or memories that cause distress.
* YOUR ANTIDOTE:
* Find a topic that interests you, and read an article written by someone whose stance you find repugnant. Yes, repugnant. As you listen, only highlight those points which you find common ground with.
SOMATIC AVOIDANCE
* Definition:
Avoiding situations that elicit physical sensations associated with anxiety, like a pounding heart, tightening of the chest, or shaking of the hands.
* YOUR ANTIDOTE:
* If you’re a current exerciser, run, bike, row, or do burpees for 45 seconds at a vigorous effort. Try to only inhale and exhale through your nose during your recovery. Repeat.
SOCIAL AVOIDANCE
* Definition:
Avoiding social situations and interactions out of fear of negative evaluation or rejection.
* YOUR ANTIDOTE:
* Write down your honest thoughts on a topic or contentious issue, and repeat them out loud in the privacy of your own home. Find one person to share them with, and share them without throat-clearing statements like, “I know you may not agree with this, but…” or “Okay so this may be an unpopular opinion, but…”.
SAFETY BEHAVIORS
* Definition: Engaging in specific behaviors to reduce or avoid anxiety in a situation.
* YOUR ANTIDOTE:
* Ask for constructive criticism from people who will give you objective, honest feedback. Not your best friend or your Mom.
* If you rely on notes because you’re scared of sharing your thoughts publicly, force yourself to give an impromptu speech for 3 minutes on a random topic. No starting over. Record yourself and critique it.
These only serve as a small portion of the interventions I’ve used with myself and with past clients. Exposure therapy via “opposite action” strategies like the ones I’ve outlined are how I weaned myself off of Klonopin without any sort of medical guidance, and how I overcame panic disorder without a psychotherapist, psychiatrist, or psychologist. To be clear, I do not recommend anyone detox or wean themselves from psychiatric medications without professional consult and ongoing supervision. Many of these drugs are prescribed with little to no explanation as to their addictiveness and the danger in weaning, and the taper needs to be painfully gradual.
All in all, it's time we bring back the Bad News Bears. We can simply tell children “no” without redirecting them to 75 different distractors or changing our language so they don’t feel rejection. Life is rife with rejection. We can also stick to our routines despite feeling angry, exhausted, overwhelmed, or stressed. Such is life. And for God’s sake, you can understand that you behave the way you do because Mom and Dad ignored you as a kid, but it is still entirely your responsibility and your moral duty to behave like a self-composed adult. As mentioned earlier, the context in which we behave in the annoying ways we do matters more than the reasons why.
So get out there and put your irrational bullshit to the test.
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