Today on ID The Future, host Andrew McDiarmid concludes his conversation with Dr. Robert Waltzer about the amazing molecular machinery and systems that allow muscles to generate force and movement.

How do microscopic structures help us move large objects in real time? In Part 2, Dr. Waltzer explores the remarkable molecular engineering required for nanometer-scale molecules to move massive bodies. He explains that muscle function actually involves constant microscopic damage as tiny proteins are strained far beyond their physical capacities. To prevent total failure, Waltzer says muscles operate like a plane being fixed while it's flying, utilizing specialized detection and signaling systems to replace large proteins at an astonishing rate: sometimes as frequently as every 25 seconds!

Waltzer unpacks key structures in muscle, including the intricate Z-disk that functions like a biological shock absorber or mattress box spring. Waltzer argues that the extreme order and nested irreducible complexity found in these systems defy unguided evolutionary explanations. Instead, the sophistication, coordination, and complexity of muscle function points to intelligent design as a more adequate explanation.

This is Part 2 of a two-part conversation.