From the man page "comm - compare two sorted files line by line"

It's part of the core utils package and you can install it using

dnf install coreutils on RPM distros, or

apt install coreutils on Debian based ones.

[host@hpr]$ man comm

COMM(1) User Commands COMM(1)

NAME

comm - compare two sorted files line by line

SYNOPSIS

comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2

DESCRIPTION

Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.

When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.

With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains lines unique to FILE1,

column two contains lines unique to FILE2, and column three contains lines common to both

files.

-1 suppress column 1 (lines unique to FILE1)

-2 suppress column 2 (lines unique to FILE2)

-3 suppress column 3 (lines that appear in both files)

--check-order

check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all input lines are pairable

--nocheck-order

do not check that the input is correctly sorted

--output-delimiter=STR

separate columns with STR

--total

output a summary

-z, --zero-terminated

line delimiter is NUL, not newline

--help display this help and exit

--version

output version information and exit

Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'.

EXAMPLES

comm -12 file1 file2

Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.

comm -3 file1 file2

Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.

AUTHOR

Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>

Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later

<https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and

redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

join(1), uniq(1)

Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/comm>

or available locally via: info '(coreutils) comm invocation'

GNU coreutils 9.1

I always find that confusing, so for me it's a lot easier to see what

is going on by creating some example files.

First let's create some test files by echoing the number 1 and the

number 2 into a file called 1and2.txt

[host@hpr]$ echo "1" > 1and2.txt

[host@hpr]$ echo "2" >> 1and2.txt

And let's create another one with the value 2 and 3 and we'll call it

2and3.txt

[host@hpr]$ echo "2" > 2and3.txt

[host@hpr]$ echo "3" >> 2and3.txt

Then we can see what each command does using these examples.

[host@hpr]$ comm -1 -2 1and2.txt 2and3.txt

2

[host@hpr]$ comm -1 -3 1and2.txt 2and3.txt

3

[host@hpr]$ comm -2 -3 1and2.txt 2and3.txt

1