Dr. Lynn Price Robbins and Isaac S. Loftus are joined by historian Dr. Julia Gaffield to uncover the overlooked legacy of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, a central—but often forgotten—figure of the Haitian Revolution. While many histories of Haitian independence sideline or erase him, Dr. Gaffield restores Dessalines to his rightful place as a revolutionary leader whose impact reshaped the Atlantic world.   Please support this podcast by checking out our patreon: www.patreon.com/primarysourcemedia   CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Introductions 1:29 - Who is Jean Jacques Dessalines 6:01 - His experience as an enslaved person 8:59 - Differences in US slave societies vs French colonies 10:42 - Saint-Domingue  12:38 - Defining Creole 14:16 - The complexities of the Haitian Revolutions’s demographics 15:04 - From slave to freeman 15:54 - The 7 Years War and the Haitian Revolution 17:52 - Racism as a cultural norm vs codification 21:00 - What sets off the revolution? 23:35 - How does the French revolution play a role? 27:12 - Jean Baptiste Charbonneau & Vincent Ogé 32:45 - Dessalines and Louverture 37:39 - Betrayal and Legacy 41:09 - A double standard: Dessalines’ barbaric reputation 49:30 - The path to independence: The end of slavery in Haiti 54:44 - The significance of the book title   EPISODE LINKS: Dr. Julia Gaffield - https://juliagaffield.com/ I Have Avenged America: Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Haiti’s Fight for Freedom - https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300255478/i-have-avenged-america/ Haitian Revolution - https://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/revolution.html Toussaint Louverture - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Toussaint-Louverture Jean-Jacques Dessalines - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jacques-Dessalines French Revolution - https://www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution MLK - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr Malcolm X - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malcolm-X Saint-Domingue - https://www.britannica.com/place/Haiti/Early-period#ref515792 Hispaniola - https://www.britannica.com/place/Hispaniola Jean-Baptiste Chavannes - https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Chavannes,_Jean_Baptiste Vincent Oge - https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/oge-vincent-1755-1791/ Leclerc Expedition - https://islandluminous.fiu.edu/part02-slide09.html Cover Image - https://spencerart.ku.edu/art/collections-online/object/58502 Ulrick Jean-Pierre - https://ulrickjeanpierre.com/ “I Have Avenged America” Speech - https://haitidoi.com/2013/08/02/i-have-avenged-america/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: 2c4hpod.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/2-complicated-4-history/id1664183536 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3svQpZfxhVQnYJMESpp842?si=514780ada34d4aab   Full episodes playlist:    https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX2x56DEw1y7EYWxfufgfSR951RrdsXet&si=TuDcpAjaeQx-vjkH   SOCIAL: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2c4hPodcast - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/2c4h_podcast To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices