My name is Xavier Monnet, and I work at Bicêtre Hospital in Paris. In my talk, I discussed the various monitoring devices currently available for use in the ICU and operating room. The key message was that recent technological advances have led to the development of several innovative tools that enable us to assess cardiovascular function more accurately and in real time. These advancements provide clinicians with a valuable opportunity to tailor hemodynamic monitoring to each patient's condition, selecting the most appropriate device based on the severity of illness and specific clinical needs.

My name is Professor Azriel Perel, and I’m from Tel Aviv in Israel. In my presentation, I addressed the challenge of accurately interpreting the numerous parameters displayed on our monitors. While modern monitoring systems provide a wealth of data, not all of these parameters are equally reliable—some can be quite inaccurate. My aim was to bring clarity to this issue by highlighting the limitations of certain measurements and proposing practical strategies for navigating these inaccuracies. Ultimately, I focused on how to make sound clinical decisions despite the presence of potentially misleading information.

I am Niels Van Regenmortel, Internist-Intensivist at ZAS in Antwerp, Belgium. In my lecture, I emphasized that not all intravenous fluids are the same, and understanding their composition is crucial for effective fluid management. Specifically, the lower the strong ion difference of a solution, the lower the pH will be, which can lead to increased acidosis in the patient. This highlights the importance of selecting the right fluid based on the clinical context. Crystalloids, for example, vary significantly in their electrolyte composition and buffering capacity, and need to be carefully balanced to achieve optimal outcomes. Similarly, not all colloids are the same. While earlier generations raised concerns, we now have evidence that the latest generation of starches can be both safe and effective when used appropriately. Ultimately, fluid management should be a deliberate decision—based on knowledge and evidence—not left to chance.

I am Jean-Louis Vincent, a professor of Intensive Care Medicine at the University of Brussels. My talk was on fluid responsiveness — how we can predict a patient's response to fluid administration using indices like pulse pressure variation or stroke volume variation. There are limitations to this approach: the patient must be sedated, and there shouldn't be major arrhythmias. In many cases, we still have to administer fluids, but we can use a fluid challenge approach, considering the type of fluid, rate of infusion, and specific objectives and limits. Ultimately, we often have to try and evaluate the patient's actual response to fluid therapy.

I am Jan Bakker from the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, and I'm talking about lactate and fluid resuscitation in my presentation. It's clear that fluid resuscitation is associated with significant decreases in lactate levels, especially in the early phase in critically ill and surgical patients. Preventing increases in lactate within the normal range is important to reduce the risk of multiple organ failure and death in these patients.

I am Jules Wendon from King's College Hospital in London. I was talking today about the role of albumin. Albumin seems to have a significant benefit in the management of patients with liver disease. Essentially, there are different roles for albumin. It has a role in liver disease, without question, particularly in the prevention of hepatorenal failure. More interestingly, it also has marked inflammatory and anti-inflammatory capacity, and I think increasingly we will see a role for albumin in sepsis, where it seems to have a beneficial effect in terms of outcomes and mortality, as shown in meta-analyses looking at immune function.

I am Manu Malbrain, co-founder and President of the International Fluid Academy and I gave a talk about fluid management and avoiding fluid overload. If you give too much fluids and the patient gets peripheral edema, that is not a cosmetic issue, but it's bad medicine. We must avoid it.