In Episode 13, Aaron makes our biggest episode yet about the world's smallest country, the Vatican City. We learn about the most obvious forgery in history and the incredible impact it has had, as well as doing our best to track the (supposed) remains of St. Peter through the years. It was a serious challenge to keep all of the Benedicts and Piuses straight through this episode.

Fettuccine Alla Papalina recipe: https://www.the-pasta-project.com/pasta-alla-papalina-recipe-from-rome/

Anthem versions assessed:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=met61aCmIus
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_excIRocsM
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDfD24Oc7cc&t=61s

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Papal-States/
https://www.romewise.com/brief-history-of-vatican-city.html
https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm

Image of the Vatican flag:
https://www.vaticancitytours.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Vatican-City-flag.jpg

Pepin the Short portrait (side-by-side with funny edit of Pepin the Short on a chair. So much funnier than it should be):
https://images.uncyclomedia.co/uncyclopedia/en/0/02/Pepin02.jpg

Twitter: @iaoucpodcast
Email: [email protected]

Join us as we explore the history and national anthem of Ghana and learn about a country with a long and rich history of trade and cultural exchange. With a little bit more information to go on than usual when it comes to anthem research, we dive into the story of an anthem that went through several revisions due to political changes in Ghana.

Anthem versions assessed:

1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lyX9-XWcew
2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHydFp2y2z8 (This is the one with the great thumbnail)
3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5NahnJCdQ0

Singing football team: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnwS_2bksCQ

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Ghana/Independence

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fante

https://bellafricana.com/god-bless-our-homeland-ghana-ghana-national-anthem-lyrics/

https://www.britannica.com/place/Asante-empire

https://www.africanexponent.com/post/9111-nkrumah-was-confused-in-china-soon-after-the-coup-had-happened

For the eleventh episode, Aaron takes us to Eswatini, an African country bordered by South Africa and Mozambique that was known by a different name until just a few short years ago. Parallels to the story of Lesotho (Episode 7) abound in this nearby nation, which was the dominion of a king who set several records in at least the modern world, if not all of history. Come with us as we learn about King Sobhuza II, who guided the country into independence and the adoption of their anthem, Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati.

I didn't want to include a recipe for boiled corn on the cob, as it didn't seem that necessary. Instead, I have included a recipe for the Karoo Roast Ostrich Steak national dish that we were unable to get the ingredients for.

https://nationalfoods.org/index.php/recipe/national-dish-of-swaziland-karoo-roast-ostrich-steak/

Anthem versions assessed:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1E4FSgsIvI
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYEqV8yENTE
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgdsEREBCw4

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Eswatini
https://www.eisa.org/wep/swaoverview6.htm
https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Swaziland.html

A look at Andy Warhol's Reigning Queens portfolio, with several silkscreens of each ruler for 16 in total:
https://revolverwarholgallery.com/portfolio/reigning-queens-complete-portfolio/

Atari Teenage Riot - The Future of War (1997)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQ7Y7-JMKys

Footage of the May Day 1999 Riots talked about in the Atari Teenage Riot section
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzdfTtOPVnA

Twitter: @iaoucpodcast
Email: [email protected]

Join us as Kate teaches us a bit about the history of Uganda and its infamous dictator Idi Amin, His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin, VC, DSO, MC, CBE, Lord of all the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Sea, and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular.

Mandazi recipe:
https://www.jocooks.com/recipes/mandazi-african-donuts/

Anthem Versions assessed:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ruukdGiqMU
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0JLk7WAu_8
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6cOa6pniwU

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Idi-Amin
https://ottawa.mofa.go.ug/data-smenu-25-National-Anthem.html
https://observer.ug/news/headlines/61366-court-quashes-shs-50m-reward-to-national-anthem-composer

Where The Air Is Sweet:
https://www.amazon.ca/Where-Air-Sweet-Tasneem-Jamal/dp/1443408174#:~:text=Where%20the%20Air%20Is%20Sweet%20is%20the%20story%20of%20a,80%2C000%20South%20Asians%20from%20Uganda.

Come along as we explore the history of Togo and make one of our very favourite dishes that has been sampled on the show so far. We'll clear up some confusion about what exactly the League of Nations mandates were, and we'll learn about a dictator who forced his entire staff to buy "magic watches".

Chicken Peanut Stew recipe: https://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/african_chicken_peanut_stew/

Anthem versions assessed:

1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy5wVgu15VY
2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wu3jZOpRo7w
3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHVf-an3vcA

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Togo/History
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ad42
https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/togo-1960-present/

Bonus info on Eyadéma's watches and comic book:
https://www.fratellowatches.com/tbt-stevie-wonders-magic-watch/#gref

Bella Bellow music:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4R1b07M_5Ac

King Mensah music:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZKOgX4_fqM

This week, Kate guides us through the history and national anthem of Burkina Faso while eating a delicious new dish called "Fat Rice". Originally called Upper Volta, this former French colony now hosts the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou and the International Art and Craft Fair.

Neolithic Era: Began roughly 12,000 years ago and continued until roughly 3500 BCE

Fat Rice recipe: https://foreignfork.com/fat-rice/

Anthem versions assessed:

1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhvq4Zgq93w
2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m18zRyrxl0Q
3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uugHnnu3LwI

Bonus Upper Volta Anthem: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHa6xLPMItw

Main sources used:
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ac21

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13072774

https://www.britannica.com/place/Burkina-Faso#ref282544

https://thewalrus.ca/thomas-sankara-tried-to-liberate-his-country-from-the-west-then-he-was-murdered/

In Episode Seven, Aaron is our guide in the enclave country of Lesotho, entirely enclosed within the borders of South Africa. We will learn how to correctly pronounce the name of the country after doing it all wrong for the last two weeks (sorry!). We will also dive into the story of King Moshoeshoe who would unite the people of Lesotho, and how his friendliness with the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society would eventually lead to the creation of Lesotho's national anthem, Lesōthō Fatše La Bo-Ntat'a Rōna.

Butha Buthe recipe: https://www.internationalcuisine.com/lesotho-spinach-tangerine-soup/

Anthem versions assessed:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ph08shinzmY
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayH6dO3kqEo
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efZ8w6YM9SY

Main sources used:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160130161424/http://www.gov.ls/about/default.php
https://www.diplomacy.edu/dissertation/birth-and-existence-lesotho-diplomatic-lesson
https://www.britannica.com/place/Lesotho

Our Land? Lesotho's Swiss National Anthem:
https://www.ideabooks.nl/9783856168742-our-land-lesotho-s-swiss-national-anthem

In Episode Six, journey with us to São Tomé and Príncipe, two volcanic islands in the Gulf of Guinea. Tune in as Kate talks us through the history of islands that remained uninhabited until the Portuguese landed in the 15th century, and as we rank their national anthem, "Indpendência Total".

Sausage sandwich recipe: https://www.internationalcuisine.com/sao-tome-sausage-sandwich/

Anthem versions assessed:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-nNF1-50Tk
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dLmnTonpy4
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_jf7-Kn2Yc

Main sources used:

https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/sao-tome-and-principe-africa/index.html

https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sao-tome-and-principe/#introduction

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14093493

In Episode 5, we take a trip to the European microstate of San Marino to learn about their national anthem, "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica". We will hear stories about Giuseppe Garibaldi, and how San Marino managed to stay independent amid a unifying Italy. This anthem can trace its history back to the 10th century.

Nidi di rondine recipe: http://globaltableadventure.com/recipe/recipe-swallows-nests-nidi-di-rondine/

Anthem versions assessed:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ud1_x6Tk8mw
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_sTTG3HnDM
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ruz1WWDiEVw

Main sources used:
https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino-republic-Europe
https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1834173.pdf
https://www.sanmarinosite.com/en/history/world-wars-fascism/

In our fourth episode, we visit Brunei, a country that according to legend was founded by fourteen brothers, all sons of a supernatural being who came to Earth in an egg. Does Kate understand Brunei politics? Absolutely not! But she does know about a fun game called “speak takraw” or “smash ball”. 

Beef Rendang recipe:

https://omnivorescookbook.com/beef-randang/

Map:

https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/brunei-political-map.htm

Mosque:

https://mosqpedia.org/en/mosque/347

Anthem version:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-v4-l8T0RM

Main Sources:

https://www.myactivesg.com/sports/sepak-takraw/how-to-play/sepak-takraw-for-beginners/rules-and-regulations-of-sepak-takraw

https://www.britannica.com/place/Brunei/History

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12990560

https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/brunei-darussalam/constitution-politics