In this episode of In Vivo, we sit down with Dr. Tomás Duraj to challenge a century of conventional wisdom about cancer. For decades, the dominant theory has been the somatic mutation theory, which suggests cancer is a genetic disease caused by random mutations.Dr. Duraj and his colleagues are proposing a paradigm shift, viewing cancer as a mitochondrial metabolic disease. This theory explains that cancer cells are fundamentally different from healthy cells in how they produce energy, relying on a less efficient form of energy production through glucose and glutamine fermentation. This metabolic inflexibility is what makes them vulnerable.We discuss the history of cancer research, the flaws in the current paradigm, and the exciting potential of a new approach: Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy (KMT). Dr. Duraj explains how KMT, which includes a ketogenic diet, is not just a diet but a comprehensive strategy to create a metabolic disadvantage for cancer cells while protecting and empowering healthy ones.We cover:The Warburg Effect and the metabolic theory of cancerThe difference between how healthy cells and cancer cells generate ATPHow a ketogenic diet and other therapies can synergistically target cancer's vulnerabilitiesThe potential of KMT in treating aggressive cancers like glioblastomaThis is a must-watch for anyone interested in a new perspective on cancer research and treatment.Connect with Dr. Tomás Duraj: http://www.tomasduraj.com/Dr. Duraj's 2024 paper on KMT: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39639257/In Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/@InVivoPodcastIn Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo

Dive into the science of sleep with Dr. Michael Mak, a leading psychiatrist and sleep medicine specialist at CAMH (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health) in Toronto. In this episode, we explore why sleep is essential for peak performance, memory consolidation, and mental health. Dr. Mak breaks down sleep stages (deep sleep, REM), the glymphatic system's role in brain detox and dementia prevention, and practical tips like CBT-I for insomnia, weighted blankets for anxiety, and debunking polyphasic sleep myths like Da Vinci's protocol. Learn about sleep apnea risks, blue light effects on melatonin, optimal sleep positions, and student strategies for better focus and exam success.Whether you're battling sleep deprivation, optimizing for cognitive enhancement, or seeking evidence-based sleep hacks, this episode delivers actionable insights to boost your physical, mental, and emotional resilience. Perfect for biohackers, students, professionals, and anyone chasing better rest.Subscribe for more science-driven discussions on health optimization, biotech, and performance. Like and comment your biggest sleep takeaway! #SleepScience #InsomniaTips #PeakPerformance #MentalHealth #SleepOptimizationDr. Michael Mak's profile: https://psychiatry.utoronto.ca/faculty/michael-makIn Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/@InVivoPodcastIn Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo

I spoke with Dr. Brandon Luu, an Internal medicine–trained Medical Doctor currently specializing in Respirology, as he breaks down the science behind creatine, nicotine, and binaural beats. Discover why these three are buzzing in fitness, cognitive enhancement, and sleep deprivation circles. From boosting muscle strength to enhancing focus during, Dr. Luu shares evidence-based insights and personal experiments he tried durring his 26 hr residency shifts. Learn how creatine supports ATP regeneration, why nicotine (in controlled forms like gum) might sharpen attention, and how binaural beats could improve memory by up to 30%. Plus, get practical tips for students and professionals on optimizing performance while prioritizing health. Don’t miss this deep dive into cutting-edge protocols for body and mind!Follow Dr. Luu’s evidence-based journey on X: https://x.com/BrandonLuuMDCheck out Dr. Luu's binaural beats Youtube page: https://www.youtube.com/@BrandonLuuMDDr. Luu's newsletter: https://brandonluumd.substack.comExperiment with making binaural beats: https://onlinetonegenerator.com/binauralbeats.html#biohacking #creatine #nicotine #binauralbeats #cognitivenhancement #sleepdeprivation #healthoptimization #performancetips #evidencedbased #medicalinsightsIn Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761&nd=1&dlsi=254f9f5e78194002In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo

Dive into the science of flow states with Dr. David S. Rosen, a cognitive neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins’ Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research. Discover how to enter flow state through his groundbreaking research on jazz improvisation, revealing the neuroscience behind creativity and peak performance. Dr. Rosen, an accomplished musician and member of the band Outer States, shares insights from his EEG studies with jazz guitarists and explores the role of psychedelics in unlocking creative flow. Learn the secrets of flow state, from intrinsic motivation to letting go, and hear how his personal music journey shapes his work. #flowstate #neuroscience #JazzImprov#jazzimprovisation #Psychedelics #DrDavidRosen #OuterStates #CreativeFlow #JohnsHopkins #BrainScience #mindfulness Dr. Rosen's work at the CPCR: https://hopkinspsychedelic.org/rosenDr. Rosen's SciAm article: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/brain-scans-of-jazz-musicians-reveal-how-to-reach-a-creative-flow-state/Dr. Rosen's recent paper on jazz improve and flow state: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393224000393?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-2&rr=94e6cbf6580c36d1Dr. Rosen's band Outer States on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/4ZjrmETURfs2idKO87mzZd?si=lTcDvpgVRfShvAI8USSnVwIn Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761&nd=1&dlsi=254f9f5e78194002In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo#DarkMatter #TimeTravel #UAP #UFO #Physics #Cosmology #LuxZeplin #StephenHawking #ScienceExplained

In this episode, I speak with Dr. Matthew Szydagis, an experimental physicist at the University of Albany, as he dives into the mysteries of dark matter, time travel, and unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAPs). Discover how the Lux Zeplin experiment hunts for dark matter, the invisible "glue" holding the universe together, and explore groundbreaking ideas about time travel, including a mind-bending hypothesis on universe-correcting time loops. Dr. Szydagis also shares insights from his pioneering UAP research, featured in the documentary A Tear in the Sky, and discusses the scientific rigor behind studying UFOs. From Stephen Hawking’s Arrows of Time to the latest UAP findings, this conversation unravels the universe’s deepest secrets. Key Topics:

• Dark Matter: What is it, and why does it matter?
• Time Travel: Can we change the past without paradoxes?
• UAPs/UFOs: Scientific approaches to unexplained phenomena
• Lux Zeplin Experiment: Cutting-edge dark matter detection
• Stephen Hawking’s Arrows of Time: Cosmological, thermodynamic, and psychological

Links & Resources:Dr. Szydagis’s profile: https://www.albany.edu/physics/facult... Dr. Szydagis’s UAP Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...Dr. Kevin Knuth's paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...Follow UAPx on X: https://x.com/UAPx2In Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPv...In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast...In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4...#DarkMatter #TimeTravel #UAP #UFO #Physics #Cosmology #LuxZeplin #StephenHawking #ScienceExplained

Asteroids like Bennu might hold the secrets to life’s origins on Earth and beyond. Now, thanks to a daring NASA mission, we’ve got a pristine sample that could rewrite our cosmic story.In this episode of In Vivo, I sit down with Dr. Scott Sandford, a NASA astrophysicist and OSIRIS-REx team member, to discuss:• How Bennu’s amino acids and nucleobases hint at a universe primed for life• Why OSIRIS-REx’s 121-gram haul is a game-changer for astrobiology• What these findings reveal about life elsewhere in the universe• How this asteroid’s chemistry could shape humanity’s future in spaceJoin me for a vital conversation on asteroid science, life’s building blocks, and our place in the cosmos.- Check out Dr. Sandford’s NASA profile: https://www.nasa.gov/people/scott-sandford/- The OSIRIS-REx mission: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/osiris-rex/- The two recent papers which found amino acids and nucleobases on Bennu, as well as the evaporite sequence paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02472-9 and https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11779627/- The NASA Goddard Youtube page: https://www.youtube.com/@NASAGoddard- Credit: Astrum on Youtube: https://youtu.be/-A8X5oLdrCA?si=hvSjtm75l9f9M7-PIn Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761&nd=1&dlsi=254f9f5e78194002In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo#osirisrex #asteroidbennu #panspermia #aminoacids #Nucleobases #SignsOfLife #lifeorigins #nasa #ScottSandford #astrobiology #SampleReturn #CosmicChemistry #ExtraterrestrialLife #spaceexploration #organiccompounds

Fungi shape our world in ways most people don’t realize—from medicine to food, and even in public health. But right now, one of the most important fungal research collections in the world is at risk of disappearing forever.

In this episode of In Vivo, I sit down with Dr. James Scott, a leading mycologist and public health scientist, to discuss:

- How fungi are essential to medicine, food, and science

- Why the UAMH fungal biobank is facing an existential threat

- How losing this collection could impact future scientific discoveries

- What we can do to prevent this priceless archive from being lost

Join me for a crucial discussion on fungal science, public health, and what’s at stake.

James Scott's: https://lmp.utoronto.ca/faculty/james-scott

Dr. James Scott on X: https://x.com/jscott_toronto

Dr. James Scott's private lab: http://www.sporometrics.com/

Dr. James Scott's Mycology board game: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/588533030/mycology-the-board-game-of-foraging-for-fungiUAMH: https://www.uamh.ca/

In Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnX

In Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761&nd=1&dlsi=254f9f5e78194002

In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563

In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo#biodiversity

Can worms revolutionize medicine? Dr. Andrea Choe, CEO of Holoclara, is pioneering worm-derived molecules for human health. In this episode of In Vivo, we explore:- The surprising relationship between gut worms and the immune system- How worm-derived molecules could treat autoimmune diseases- Fascinating historical cases of humans coexisting with gut worms- The journey of Holoclara’s breakthrough drug into Phase 1 trialsDr. Choe explains the science of immunomodulation, the role of gut parasites in human health, and why modern medicine might be missing an evolutionary advantage.Listen in to uncover how gut worms could lead to the next wave of innovative treatments!Introduction and Congratulations - 00:02:12Background on Gut Worm Symbiosis - 00:02:51Journey into Worm Research - 00:03:09Historical Context of Gut Worms - 00:05:16Hypothesis on Immuno Modulation - 00:05:55Evolution of Gut Worms and Humans - 00:08:07Benefits of Gut Worms in Health - 00:09:26Public Perception and Black Market Treatments - 00:10:15Evidence for Immuno Modulation - 00:11:39Bio Prospecting with Worms vs. Rainforests - 00:15:54Molecule Selection for Human Trials - 00:16:53Challenges in Worm Research - 00:18:22Characteristics of Worm Researchers - 00:20:46Protein vs. Small Molecule Research - 00:22:40Philosophy of Staying Close to Nature - 00:26:13Reception of Worm-Derived Medicine in Biotech - 00:29:22Balancing Roles as PhD, MD, and Entrepreneur - 00:31:39Overview of Hola Clara - 00:33:06Leadership and Management Inspiration - 00:33:33Phase One Trials and Eosinophilic Esophagitis - 00:36:22Future Applications Beyond Current Trials - 00:39:01Navigating Research Biases - 00:40:44Regulatory Challenges with Worms - 00:43:04Timeline for Market Availability - 00:44:11Advice for Aspiring Scientist-Entrepreneurs - 00:45:19Personal Journey with Worm-Derived Medicine - 00:46:59Worm Atlas and Personalized Medicine - 00:48:01Ethical Considerations - 00:51:16Future Vision for Hola Clara - 00:52:19Closing Remarks - 00:53:11Holoclara website - https://www.holoclara.com/In Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761&nd=1&dlsi=254f9f5e78194002In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo

Is your body electric? In this episode of In Vivo, Sally Adee, author of We Are Electric, explores the hidden world of bioelectricity—the long-overlooked science that could revolutionize medicine, healing, and human health.Topics we cover:-The history of bioelectricity and its forgotten pioneers- How electricity controls healing, regeneration, and even cancer- The battle between Volta and Galvani that shaped modern science- How bioelectricity could be harnessed to control cells & organs- The DARPA experiment that changed Sally’s brain and perception- What bioelectric fences in bacteria can teach us about antibioticsAbout Sally Adee:Sally is an award-winning science journalist whose book We Are Electric reveals the fascinating world of bioelectricity—a field once dismissed as pseudoscience but now on the cutting edge of medicine.Listen in to explore how we might soon control life itself with electricity!Introduction to Bioelectricity as a Unifying Framework - 00:02:06Historical Context: Galvani and Volta - 00:03:22The Schism Between Biology and Electricity - 00:05:12Impact of the Patch Clamp on Bioelectricity Research - 00:13:27Electrical Identity of Cells - 00:20:45Electrical Properties of Different Cell Types - 00:21:13Bioelectricity in Cancer and Regeneration - 00:25:29Bioelectricity in Wound Healing - 00:29:44Bioelectricity in Development and Morphogenesis - 00:34:27Experience with DARPA and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - 00:37:53Application of Bioelectricity in Agriculture - 00:54:44Bioelectricity Across Different Species - 00:59:47Takeaways from "We Are Electric" - 01:00:52Philosophical Implications and Optimism in Biology - 01:01:18The Role of Tools in Scientific Progress - 01:07:00Future Projects and Research Directions - 01:08:00Advice for Young Scientists - 01:09:01Closing Remarks and Future Conversations - 01:11:54Learn more about Sally Adee’s work here: https://www.sally80.com/We Are Electric on Amazon: https://www.amazon.ca/We-Are-Electric-200-Year-Bioelectric/dp/0306826631/ref=sr_1_1?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.fMziYVNEsvLmvpBK7yT0KmdR0uPvrD2wFSk-BwrhEVg.4G7qQexFBuStQMfx1Ak2FdNKgCzk_k4IRuxLwRedN6A&dib_tag=se&hvadid=647377417347&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9000956&hvnetw=g&hvqmt=e&hvrand=3319241274380986381&hvtargid=kwd-1935623510346&hydadcr=22461_13336686&keywords=we+are+electric+sally+adee&qid=1737060604&sr=8-1In Vivo on X - https://x.com/InVivoPodOnXIn Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761&nd=1&dlsi=254f9f5e78194002In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo

Is bioelectricity the missing key to regeneration and healing? Dr. Michael Levin challenges the DNA-centric view of biology and reveals how bioelectric signals shape our bodies, direct cell behavior, and even influence cancer growth.Topics we cover:- Why bioelectricity, not just DNA, determines body shape- How cells communicate & self-organize without a genetic blueprint- The future of regenerative medicine & bioelectric healing- Why some animals can regenerate limbs—and why humans lost this ability- How bioelectricity could change the way we treat cancer- The philosophy of intelligence: Do cells "think" & make decisions?- How Michael Levin’s work could reshape AI, medicine, & our understanding of lifeAbout Dr. Michael Levin:Dr. Michael Levin is a biologist and bioelectricity pioneer whose research on cellular intelligence, limb regeneration, and morphogenesis is redefining how we understand life itself.Listen in to explore the next frontier of biology!• Introduction to Bioelectricity and Beyond the DNA-Centric Model - 00:02:36• Exploring Planaria and Its Unique Properties - 00:03:18• Regeneration and Holographic Information in Planaria - 00:06:33• Challenges in Transgenic Manipulation of Planaria - 00:10:26• Bioelectric Circuits as Software for Biological Hardware - 00:21:17• The Role of Bioelectricity in Morphogenesis - 00:24:07• Manipulating Bioelectric Patterns in Planaria - 00:28:35• The Philosophical Question of Information Storage in Biology - 00:30:42• Intelligence in Biological Systems - 00:37:08• The Evolution of Regeneration in Mammals - 00:42:08• Bioelectricity in Motile Cells - 00:44:39• Bioprinting and Bioelectricity in Tissue Engineering - 00:46:10• Current State of Bioelectric Research in Mammalian Tissues - 00:48:31• Bioelectric Approaches to Cancer Treatment - 00:51:45• Reconnecting Cancer Cells to Physiological Networks - 00:57:44• Advice for Students Interested in Bioelectricity Research - 00:59:27• Closing Remarks and Future Conversations - 01:01:22Dr. Levin's X page - https://x.com/drmichaellevinDr. Levin's lab - https://www.drmichaellevin.org/Dr. Levin's blog and photography - https://thoughtforms.life/Dr. Levin's advice to young scientists - https://thoughtforms.life/what-advice-do-i-give-to-my-students/ and https://thoughtforms.life/where-can-i-do-a-phd-in-bioelectricity-or-in-other-niche-topics/In Vivo on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GBvPPvSx52O6ILuam4LoX?si=6c903566ae7b4761&nd=1&dlsi=254f9f5e78194002In Vivo on Apple Podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/in-vivo/id1775578563In Vivo on Amazon Podcasts - https://music.amazon.ca/podcasts/1ac4dbec-df46-4d1f-b0a1-742e9656ef44/in-vivo