Cheers as Mars InSight spacecraft lands on Red Planet. by Laurent BANGUET / with Kerry SHERIDAN in Tampa
The dramatic arrival of the $993 million spacecraft -- designed to listen for
quakes and tremors as a way to unveil the Red Planet's inner mysteries, how it
formed billions of years ago and, by extension, how other rocky planets like
Earth took shape -- marked the eighth successful landing on Mars in NASA's
history. "Touchdown confirmed," a mission control operator at NASA said, as
pent-up anxiety and excitement surged through the room, and dozens of
scientists leapt from their seats to embrace each other. "It was intense and
you could feel the emotion," said NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine, in an
interview on NASA television afterward. Bridenstine also said President Donald
Trump and Vice President Mike Pence had watched on television and called to
congratulate the US space agency for its hard work. "Ultimately, the day is
coming when we land humans on Mars," Bridenstine said, adding that the goal is
to do so by the mid 2030s. The vehicle appeared to be in good shape, according
to the first communications received from the Martian surface. But as
expected, the dust kicked up during the landing obscured the first picture
InSight sent back, which was heavily flecked. France's Centre National
d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) made the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure
(SEIS) instrument, the key element for sensing quakes. The principal
investigator on the French seismometer, Philippe Lognonne, said he was
"relieved and very happy" at the outcome. "I've just received confirmation
that there are no rocks in front of the lander," he told AFP. Next, InSight
must open its solar arrays, as NASA waits until later in the afternoon to
learn if that final, crucial phase went as planned. The spacecraft is meant to
be solar-powered once it reaches the surface of Mars. - Entry, descent,
landing - The spacecraft is NASA's first to touch down on Earth's neighboring
planet since the Curiosity rover arrived in 2012. More than half of 43
attempts to reach Mars with rovers, orbiters and probes by space agencies from
around the world have failed. NASA is the only space agency to have made it,
and is invested in these robotic missions as a way to prepare for the first
Mars-bound human explorers in the 2030s. "We never take Mars for granted. Mars
is hard," Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA associate administrator for the science
mission directorate, said on Sunday. The nail-biting entry, descent and
landing phase began at 11:47 am (1940 GMT) at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
in Pasadena, California, home to mission control for Mars InSight, and ended
one second before 1953 GMT. A carefully orchestrated sequence -- already fully
preprogrammed on board the spacecraft -- unfolded over the following several
minutes, coined "six and a half minutes of terror." Speeding faster than a
bullet at 12,300 miles (19,800 kilometers) an hour, the heat-shielded
spacecraft encountered scorching friction as it entered the Mars atmosphere.
The heat shield soared to a temperature of 2,700 Fahrenheit (about 1,500
Celsius) before it was discarded, the three landing legs deployed and the
parachute popped out, easing InSight down to the Martian surface. - Goal: 3D
map of inner Mars - InSight contains key instruments that were contributed by
several European space agencies. France's CNES made the SEIS instrument, while
the German Aerospace Center (DLR) provided a self-hammering mole that can
burrow 16 feet (five meters) into the surface -- farther than any instrument
before -- to measure heat flow. Spain's Centro de Astrobiologia made the
spacecraft's wind sensors, and three of InSight's seismic instruments were
designed and built in Britain. Other significant contributions came from the
Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Astronika and the
Swiss Institute of Technology. "It is wonderful news that the InSight
spacecraft has landed safely on Mars," said Sue Horne, head of space
exploration at the UK Space Agency. Together, the instruments will study
geological processes, said Bruce Banerdt, InSight's principal investigator at
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. By listening for tremors on Mars, whether from
quakes or meteor impacts or even volcanic activity, scientists can learn more
about its interior and reveal how the planet formed. The goal is to map the
inside of Mars in three dimensions, "so we understand the inside of Mars as
well as we have come to understand the outside of Mars," Banerdt told
reporters. DM