This episode details the rigorous process of drug testing and trials, focusing on ensuring safety and effectiveness. 

Initial laboratory stages involve preclinical testing on cells, tissues, and live animals to assess toxicity. Animal testing is crucial for understanding a drug's harmful effects before human trials. Clinical trials then assess drug safety in humans, starting with low doses in healthy volunteers and patients. 

These trials progressively determine the optimum dosage for efficacy. The goal of the multi-stage process is to rigorously evaluate new medications to ensure they are both safe and effective for human use.

Don't miss out on subscribing for more educational content tailored to help you succeed in your exams. Perfect for AQA, OCR, Edexcel, CIE and WJEC exam boards.

⁠Click here to see all of our GCSE Biology content!