In this in-depth lecture, we journey through the evolution of the presumption of innocence—a cornerstone of criminal law that insists an accused is innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. We explore its historical origins, its enshrinement in constitutional and international human rights frameworks, and its practical application in the courtroom. Discover how this fundamental principle shapes the roles of prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges, and learn about the challenges posed by modern media and evolving legal practices. Ideal for law students, legal professionals, and anyone interested in safeguarding justice, this lecture provides a comprehensive look at the doctrine that continues to protect individual rights and maintain the integrity of our criminal justice system.