Exploration of the pharmacology, efficacy and safety, drug interactions, and side effects of mitragynia speciosa

Footnotes:

For more on how to help our nation’s veterans:

https://www.va.gov/REACH/ Veteran crisis line: Dial 988 and press 1. Or text 838255.

Seasonal Affectiveness Disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder

Kentucky Ibogaine Initiative: https://www.kentuckyibogaineinitiative.com/

Huberman, Andrew. Mental Health Toolkit: Tools to bolster your mood and mental health. Huberman Lab [podcast]. 30 Oct 2023

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FDA and Kratom. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public-health-focus/fda-and-kratom. 21 July 2023.

Gandhi D, et al. Kratom induced severe cholestatic liver injury histologically mimicking primary biliary cholangitis: a case report. World Journal of Hepatology. 27 Oct 2020; 12(10): 863-869. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643221/

Gianutsos G. The DEA Changes its mind on Kratom. https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/the-dea-changes-its-mind-on-kratom#:~:text=In%20making%20this%20determination%20on,safety%20for%20use%20under%20medical. US Pharmacist. 17 March 2017

Happy Hippo. https://happyhippo.com/blogs/kratom-blog/the-benefits-of-agmatine-sulfate-as-a-kratom-potentiator

Jentsch MJ, Pippin MM. Kratom. Stat Pearls. 28 August 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585120/

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Rexer B. Is Kratom legal? Kratom legality by state. Sprout Health Group. https://www.sprouthealthgroup.com/substances/is-kratom-legal-by-state/

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Ya K, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine, a major analgesic alkaloid in kratom: a systematic review. 2019(43): 73-82. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876201819302114