In Invention and Innovation: A Brief History of Hype and Failure, Vaclav Smil offers a critical examination of technological advancements, highlighting instances where inventions either failed to meet expectations or led to unforeseen consequences. Smil distinguishes between invention—the creation of new devices or processes—and innovation, which involves the adoption and mastery of these developments. He explores cases such as the overhyped promises of nuclear fission and supersonic flight, as well as the detrimental impacts of leaded gasoline and DDT. Through this analysis, Smil provides a nuanced perspective on the complexities of technological progress and the importance of aligning expectations with reality.