Minoan settlements in the Bronze Age were advanced for the time, including featuring labyrinthine architecture in their palatial buildings. Professor Louise Hitchcock, The University of Melbourne, makes a fourth appearance on the show to discuss Minoan palaces, villas, and other residential buildings during the Bronze Age.

The Social War was a five-year war (91-87 BCE) fought between Rome and many of its allied communities—some communities pursued citizenship; others yearned for independence. Dr. Seth Kendall, Georgia Gwinnett College, joins the show to explain the particulars of the second year of the war.

The ancient Olympic Games occurred every four years, prizes only went to the winner of each competition, and some city-states enshrined victors with tax exemptions and free food for life. Professor Judith Barringer, The University of Edinburgh, returns to the show to share more.

Ptolemy I was the forefather of a dynasty in Egypt that lasted nearly 300 years, eventually ending with Cleopatra VII. Dr Charlotte Dunn, University of Tasmania, returns to the show to speak about the period when the Ptolemys came into power.

Thutmose I was an Egyptian pharaoh from the 18th dynasty. Dr Filip Taterka, Institute of Mediterranean & Oriental Cultures of the Polish Academy of Sciences, returns to the show to explain who he was and the life he lived.

Hannibal Barca is one of the most well-documented Carthaginians and became legendary because of his efforts in the Second Punic War. Dr Eve MacDonald, Cardiff University, joins the show to share what’s known about who he was and the life he lived.

The volume of Roman history builds, along with its perceived historicity, in the 4th century BCE. Dr. Gary Forsythe, Texas Tech University, returns to the show to discuss the Roman Republic in the early fourth century BCE.

In less than a century from inception, the Ottomans began minting coins; formed an independent state; and originating from the Anatolian peninsula, expanded its hegemony as far west as the Balkans. Dr. Huseyin Yilmaz, George Mason University, returns to the show to explain.

The Republic of Florence formed in the 12th century and became one of the premiere states in Europe during the period. Dr. Brian Brege, Syracuse University, returns to the show to explain how it was established.

The Second Punic War was the second of three wars principally fought between Rome and Carthage, and lasted 17 years. British historian, Dr Kathryn Lomas, Durham University, returns to the show to explain the series of events.