In this lesson, I will introduce you how to make passive sentences.

In Japanese, passive sentences are divided into two kinds, which is direct passive sentence and indirect passive sentence.

I am explaining about direct passive sentence in this lesson.

ライオン　が　シマウマ　を　たべました。(active sentence)

シマウマ　が　ライオン　に　たべられました。(passive sentence)

おかあさん　が　こども　を　おこりました。(active sentence)

こども　が　おかあさん　に　おこられました。(passive sentence)

References:

All 9 Case Particles

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/All-9-Case-Particles-eprp9v

Verb Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Verb-Conjugation-emv716

Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Transitive-Verbs-and-Intransitive-Verbs-eqmp4e

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you basic phrases we often use to describe vagueness.

きょう　あめ　ふる　かな?

Do you think it will rain today?

たぶん　ね。

Maybe.

きょう　なに　する　の？

What are you going to do today?

たぶん　にほんご　の　べんきょう　する。

Maybe, I will study Japanese.

あの　ひと　は　たぶん　すずきさん　だ。

That person may be Mr. Suzuki.

すずきさん　は　パーティ　に　きます　か？

Is Mr. Suzuki coming to the party?

おそらく。

Maybe.

おそらく　きょう　は　あめ　が　ふる　だろう。

Maybe, it will rain today.

きょう　は　あめ　が　ふる　きがする。

I feel that it will rain today.

これ　は　たかい　きがする。

I feel that this is expensive.

すずきさん　は　きょう　げんき　が　ない　きがする。

I feel that Mr. Suzuki is not fine today.

メアリーさん　は　イギリス人な　きがする。

I feel that Ms. Mary is British.

なんで　ほっかいどう　に　りょこう　に　いくの？

Why are you going to Hokkaido for travel?

なんとなく　ね。

Just because.

すずきさん　は　きょう　なんとなく　げんき　が　ない。

I don't know the reason, but Mr. Suzuki doesn't seem to be fine today.

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to describe the situation which has been brought about by someone on purpose.

きょうしつ　の　でんき　が　つけてあります。

The light is on in the classroom.

きょうしつ　の　でんき　を　つけておきます。

I will turn the light on in the classroom.

テーブル　に　ごはん　が　のこしてあります。

There is the meal left on the table.

テーブル　に　ごはん　を　のこしておきます。

I will leave the meal on the table.

References:

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

There is X

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/There-is-X-en68s2

～ておく

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/ep-eps867

Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Transitive-Verbs-and-Intransitive-Verbs-eqmp4e

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to describe something is easy to do or hard to do by using やすい and にくい.

When やすい follows the verb stem, you can describe something is easy to do.

When にくい follows the verb stem, you can describe something is hard to do.

この　ぎゅうにく　は　やわらかいので、たべやすいです。

Because this beef is tender, it is easy to eat.

この　ぎゅうにく　は　かたいので、たべにくいです。

Because this beef is tough, it is hard to eat.

この　スマホ　は　つかいやすいです。

This smartphone is easy to use.

この　スマホ　は　つかいにくいです。

This smartphone is hard to use.

とうきょう　は　すみやすいです。

Tokyo is livable.

とうきょう　は　すみにくいです。

Tokyo is not livable.

Reference:

How to explain the reason using ので

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-explain-the-reason-using-eons27

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to describe that you do something without doing something by using ないで.

きょう　は　あそび　に　いかないで、いえ　で　べんきょうします。

I will study at home without going to play today.

きょう　は　あさごはん　を　たべないで、がっこう　に　いきました。

I went to school without eating a breakfast today.

きのう　の　よる　は　テレビ　を　みないで、ねました。

I went to bed without watching TV last night.

Rerefence:

The Purpose of Movement + go

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/The-Purpose-of-Movement--go-eno23j

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to say something is supposed to be the case by using はずです.

きょう　は　てんき　が　いいので　すずきさん　は　こうえん　に　いくはずです。

Because it's sunny today, Mr. Suzuki must be going to the park.

きょう　は　やすみなので　すずきさん　は　まだ　ねているはずです。

Because today is a holiday, Mr. Suzuki must be still sleeping.

この　えいが　は　とても　にんきなので　おもしろいはずです。

Because this movie is very popular, it should be fun.

どうろ　の　むこう　なら　しずかなはずです。

Here is noisy, but it should be quiet across the street.

きょう　は　たいふうなので　たいかい　は　ちゅうしのはずです。

Because today is a typhoon, the convention should be cancelled.

References:

How to explain the reason using ので

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-explain-the-reason-using-eons27

Result of a Change

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Result-of-a-Change-enlf3o

なら

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/ep-ep5bcc

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

Detail for the online talk service:

https://butters1986.com/online-talk/

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to express your gratitude for a specific action by using the te-form of a verb + くれてありがとう.

すずきさん　が　チョコレート　を　くれました。

Mr. Suzuki gave me a chocolate.

すずきさん　が　にほんご　を　おしえて　くれました。

Mr. Suzuki taught me Japanese.

にほんご　を　おしえて　くれてありがとう。(Casual)

にほんご　を　おしえて　くださってありがとうございました。(Honorific, for a completed action)

にほんご　を　おしえて　くださってありがとうございます。(Honorific, for an ongoing action)

Thank you for teaching me Japanese.

パーティ　に　きて　くれてありがとう。(Casual)

パーティ　に　きて　くださってありがとうございました。(Honorific, for a completed action)

Thank you for coming to the party.

References:

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

Expression of "give"（あげる、くれる）and "receive"（もらう）

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Expression-of-giveand-receive-epj2es

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

The te-form of a verb + よかったです means "I'm glad that I did something" or "I'm glad that it was the case".

きょう　はやく　おきて　よかったです。

I'm glad that I got up early today.

*おきる→おきて(te-form)

きょう　すずきさん　に　あえて　よかったです。

I'm glad that I could meet you(Suzuki-san) today.

*あう→あえる(potential verb)→あえて(te-form of the potential verb)

*あう→あって(te-form)

パーティ　に　いかなくて　よかったです。

I'm glad that I didn't go to the party.

*いく→いかなくて(negative te-form)

きょう　じゅぎょう　を　やすまなくて　よかったです。

I'm glad that I didn't skip the class today.

*やすむ→やすまなくて(negative te-form)

References:

ば-form

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/-form-er8f82

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

Potential Verbs #1

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Potential-Verbs-1-eoqaoi

Potential Verbs #2

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Potential-Verbs-2-eorp21

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

The ば-forms of a verb represents hypothetical situation or activity.

For ば-forms of the affirmative, drop the final vowel "u" and add "eba".

ex) 

たべる(taberu)→たべれば(tabereba)

いく(iku)→いけば(ikeba)

くる(kuru)→くれば(kureba)

For ば-forms of the negative, drop the final い and add ければ.

ex)

たべない→たべなければ

いかない→いかなければ

こない→こなければ

ばよかったです means "I wish I had done something" or "I should have done something".

なければよかったです means "I wish I had not done something" or "I should not have done something".

あさごはん　を　たべればよかったです。

I should have eaten breakfast.

きのう　パーティ　に　いけばよかったです。

I should have been to the party yesterday.

よなか　に　ラーメン　を　たべなければよかったです。

I should not have eaten a ramen noodle in the middle of the night.

きのう　パーティ　に　いかなければよかったです。

I should not have been to the party yesterday.

References:

Verb Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Verb-Conjugation-emv716

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

Volitional Form

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Volitional-Form-epmave

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986