In this lesson, I will introduce you the new expression ておく.

ておく is made up of the te-form of a verb plus the helping verb おく and describes an action performed in preparation for something.

きょう　は　さむく　なる　ので　エアコン　を　つけておきます。

きょう　は　さむく　なる　から　エアコン　を　つけとく　ね。(in casual speech)

Because it will be cold today, I will turn on the air conditioner.

しりょう　を　ここ　に　おいておきます。

しりょう　を　ここ　に　おいとく　ね。(in casual speech)

I put the document here.

References:

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

How to describe the status change of adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-describe-the-status-change-of-adjectives-eo7rv9

How to explain the reason using ので

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-explain-the-reason-using-eons27

How to Explain the Reason by Using the Word "から"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-Explain-the-Reason-by-Using-the-Word-enibdg

Sentence-ending particle "ne" and "yo"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Sentence-ending-particle-ne-and-yo-emureo

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

が is mainly used to express the subject, but also can be used to express the objecct.

Subject:

さとうさん　が　いきます。

Mr.Sato will go.

Object:

ハンバーガー　が　たべたいです。

I want to eat a hamburger.

を is used to express the object of action, the starting point and the passing point of movement, and so on.

Object:

ハンバーガー　を　たべます。

I will eat a hamburger

The starting point:

きょう　は　6:00　に　いえ　を　でます。

I will leave home at 6:00 today,

The passing point:

まいあさ　こうえん　を　さんぽします。

I walk in the park every morning.

に is used to express the place of the existence, time, the arrival point of action, taker of the item, the objective, and so on.

The place of the existence:

りんご　が　つくえ　の　うえ　に　あります。

There is an apple on the table.

Time:

きょう　は　6:00　に　いえ　を　でます。

I will leave home at 6:00 today.

The arrival point of action:

きょう　マクドナルド　に　いきます。

I will go to McDonald's today.

Taker of the item:

さとうさん　は　すずきさん　に　プレゼント　を　あげました。

Mr. Sato gave a present to Mr. Suzuki.

The objective:

かいもの　に　いきます。

I will go shopping.

で is used to express the place where the action or event take place, method, cause or reason, subject, and so on.

The place where the action or event take place:

きょう　こうえん　で　サッカー　を　します。

I will play soccer at the park.

Method:

まいにち　くるま　で　かいしゃ　に　いきます。

I go to the workplace by the car everyday.

Cause or reason:

きょう　かぜ　で　がっこう　を　やすみました。

I took leave from school because of cold.

Subject:

みんな　で　サッカー　を　します。

Everyone will play soccer all together.

と is used to express someone with whom doing something cooperatively, someone who are interecting with, and so on.

Someone in cooperation:

きょう　はは　と　ケーキ　を　つくります。

I will make a cake with my mother today.

Someone in interaction:

きょう　すずきさん　と　けんか　を　しました。

I had a fight with Mr. Suzuki today.

へ is used to express the direction. Mostly, へ can be replaced with に.

Direction:

きょう　マクドナルド　へ　いきます。

I will go to McDonald's today.

から is used to express the starting point of time or place, the material, and so on.

The starting point of time:

その　えいが　は　10:00　から　はじまります。

That movie will start from 10.

The starting point of place:

いま　いえ　から　しゅっぱつ　します。

I'm leaving home now.

The material:

チーズ　は　牛乳　から　つくられます。

Cheeze is made from milk.

より is used to express the comparison, the starting point, and so on.

Comparison:

にほん　より　アメリカ　のほうが　おおきいです。

The United States is bigger than Japan.

The starting point:

さくじつ　より　ゆき　が　ふりはじめました。

It started to snow since yesterday.

まで is used to express the arrival point of time or place, and so on.

The arrival point of time:

きょう　は　6:00　まで　はたらきます。

I will work until six today.

The arrival point of place:

とうきょう　まで　くるま　で　いきます。

I will go to Tokyo by the car.

Referrence:

Comparison between Two Items

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Comparison-between-Two-Items-eo3tpc

わたし　は　ハンバーガー　を　たべます。

I eat a hamburger.

* This is the verb sentence and たべます is the predicate.

この　えいが　は　おもしろいです。

This movie is interesting.

* This is the adjective sentence and おもしろいです is the predicate.

さとうさん　は　にほんじんです。

Mr. Sato is Japanese.

* This is the noun sentence and にほんじんです is the predicate.

さとうさん　すずきさん　たなかさん　しょうかいしました。

*しょうかいしました is past affirmative of しょうかいする, introduce.

* This sentence does not make sense since it is missing the case particles.

If you use the case particles, the sentence will be,

さとうさん　が　すずきさん　に　たなかさん　を　しょうかいしました。

Mr. Sato introduced Mr. Tanaka to Mr. Suzuki.

References:

All 9 Case Particles

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/All-9-Case-Particles-eprp9v

Particles "wo", "de", "ni", and "he"

https://anchor.fm/dashboard/episode/en1dme

Sentence-ending particle "ne" and "yo"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Sentence-ending-particle-ne-and-yo-emureo

The Particle "wa"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/The-Particle-wa-en50i0

Difference between the particle "wa" and "ga"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Difference-between-the-particle-wa-and-ga-eo0cgc

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will show you the use of volitional form in conjunction with とおもっています.

When you use the volitional form plus とおもっています, you can express your willingness or decision.

きょう　なに　を　たべます　か。

What are you going to eat today?

ハンバーガー　を　たべよう　とおもっています。

I'm going to eat a hamburger.

ハンバーガー　を　たべよう　とおもいます。

I'm going to eat a hamburger.

*When you use おもっています, it tend to imply that the decision has been already made. 

*When you use おもいます, it implies the decision has been just made at the time of speaking. 

ハンバーガー　を　たべる　とおもいます。

I think I will eat a hamburger.

よるごはん　は　なに　を　つくります　か。

What are you going to cook for dinner?

カレー　を　つくろう　とおもいます。

I'm going to cook curry.

カレー　を　つくろう　とおもっています。

I'm going to cook curry.

References:

Volitional Form

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Volitional-Form-epmave

How to say "I think that" in Japanese

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-say-I-think-that-in-Japanese-ens5gf

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you a new form, which is called volitional form.

You can use the volitional form of a verb when you suggest a plan in a casual speech.

It is like casual expression of ましょう.

る-Verbs:You need to drop the final る and add よう.

ex)

たべる,eat→たべよう,

みる,see, watch, look at→みよう

う-Verbs: You need to drop the final vowel "u" an add "oo".

ex)

いく(iku),go→いこう(ikoo)

はなす(hanasu),speak→はなそう(hanasoo)

Irregular Verbs:

くる,come, will become こよう.

する, play or do, will become しよう.

おなか　すいた　ね。　なにか　たべよう。

I'm hungry. You, too? Let's eat something.

きょう　ひま。　えいが　を　みにいこう。

Are you free today? Let's go to see a movie.

まだ　さとうさん　きてない　ね。　もうすこし　まとう。

Mr. Sato has not arrived yet. Let's wait for a little bit more.

どの　ふく　を　かおう　か。

Which clothes should we buy?

てつだおう　か。

Shall I help you?

References:

How to say "Let's do something"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-say-Lets-do-something-enh5ds

Verb Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Verb-Conjugation-emv716

Sentence-ending particle "ne" and "yo"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Sentence-ending-particle-ne-and-yo-emureo

How to say "something" and "anything"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-say-something-and-anything-eo1h9r

The Purpose of Movement + go

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/The-Purpose-of-Movement--go-eno23j

Present Perfect Tesnse

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Present-Perfect-Tesnse-eo3oir

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to say, "why don't you do something" in Japanese.

You need to use past affirmative of a verb in plain forms followed by らどうですか。

もうすこし　はやく　おきたらどうですか。

もうすこし　はやく　おきたらどう。

もうすこし　はやく　おきたら。

Why don't you get up a little bit earlier?

あした　びょういん　に　いったらどうですか。

あした　びょういん　に　いったらどう。

あした　びょういん　に　いったら。

Why don't you go to a hospital tomorrow?

もっと　べんきょうしたらどうですか。

もっと　べんきょうしたらどう。

もっと　べんきょうしたら。

Why don't you study more?

なんか　いったら。

Why don't you say something?

References:

Plain Forms in Past Tense

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Plain-Forms-in-Past-Tense-eoe8fp

You have to do something

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/You-have-to-do-something-eootdo

You had better do something

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/You-had-better-do-something-eomelf

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you the expression of "give" and "receive" in Japanese.

For the first use, giving and receiving something.

あげる：

せんせい　が　がくせい　に　ほん　を　あげる。

A teacher gives a book to a student.

わたし　が　おとうと　に　ほん　を　あげる。

I give a book to my younger brother.

くれる：

せんせい　が　わたし　に　ほん　を　くれる。

A teacher gives me a book.

せんせい　が　おとうと　に　ほん　を　くれる。

A teacher gives a book to my younger brother.

もらう：

わたし　が　せんせい　に　ほん　を　もらう。

I receive a book from a teacher.

For the second use, giving and receiving of thanks, appreciation, or benefit.

あげる：

せんせい　が　がくせい　に　にほんご　を　おしえてあげる。

A teacher teaches Japanese to a student.

くれる：

せんせい　が　わたし　に　にほんご　を　おしえてくれる。

A teacher teaches me Japanese.

わたし　を　うんでくれて　ありがとう。

Thank you for giving birth.

もらう：

わたし　が　せんせい　に　にほんご　を　おしえてもらう。

I am taught Japanese by a teacher.

References:

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

The Expressions of Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/The-Expressions-of-Te-forms-engt2g

Te-forms for adjectives and nouns with です

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-for-adjectives-and-nouns-with-enmm5n

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you the typical way how we Japanese native speakers distinguish verb conjugation groups.

You can tell whether a verb is a う-verb or a る-verb by conjugating the verb into negative plain forms, which is ない forms.

If you can hear the vowel あ(a) before ない(nai), it is a う verb.

If you can hear the vowel either え(e) or い(i) before ない(nai), it is a る verb.

Dictionary Form: かく(kaku)

Negative Plain Forms: かかない(kakanai) 

Dictionary Form: はしる(hashiru)

Negative Plain Forms: はしらない(hashiranai) 

* When you can hear the vowel あ(a) before ない(nai), verb conjugation group will be う verb.

Dictionary Form: たべる(taberu)

Negative Plain Forms: たべない(tabenai) 

Dictionary Form: みる(miru)

Negative Plain Forms: みない(minai) 

*When you can hear the vowel either え(e) or い(i)before ない(nai), verb conjugation group will be う verb.

References:

Verb Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Verb-Conjugation-emv716

Present Tense Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Present-Tense-Conjugation-en0a2r

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

きのう　さいふ　なくした！　まじ　ありえない！

I lost my wallet yesterday! I can't believe it!

きのう　かのじょ　と　わかれた。

I broke up with my girlfriend yesterday.

まじ。

Really?

まじで。

Really?

If you joked which was supposed to be funny, but actually wasn't funny and nobody laughed, you can say,

すべった！

あした　テスト　か。べんきょう　しないと　やばい。

There will be a test tomorrow. I gotta study or screw up tomorrow.

When you eat something delicious, you can say,

これ　やばい！

References:

Basic Japanese Daily Phrases

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Basic-Japanese-Daily-Phrases-emg8q3

Random Useful Expressions

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Random-Useful-Expressions-en3j7l

Random Useful Expressions 2

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Random-Useful-Expressions-2-enbbrk

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to describe "something may be the case", using かもしれません.

かもしれません follows the plain form of predicates.

かもしれません can be replaced with かもしれない or even かも in casual conversation.

あした　は　あめ　が　ふるかもしれません。

あした　は　あめ　が　ふるかもしれない。

あした　は　あめ　が　ふるかも。

It may rain tomorrow.

さとうさん　は　かぜをひいているので　きょう　がっこう　に　こないかもしれません。

さとうさん　は　かぜをひいているので　きょう　がっこう　に　こないかもしれない。

さとうさん　は　かぜをひいているので　きょう　がっこう　に　こないかも。

Because Mr. Sato has a cold, he may not be coming to school today.

あそこ　に　いくのは　あぶないかもしれません。

あそこ　に　いくのは　あぶないかもしれない。

あそこ　に　いくのは　あぶないかも。

It may be dangerous to go there.

あそこ　で　あるいている　ひと　は　さとうさんかもしれません。

あそこ　で　あるいている　ひと　は　さとうさんかもしれない。

あそこ　で　あるいている　ひと　は　さとうさんかも。

The person walking over there may be Mr. Sato.

あれ　たなかさん　じゃない。

She is Ms. Tanaka, isn't she?

あー　そうかも。

Hmm... maybe so.

あした　あめ　かー　かいもの　いかないかも。

Too bad, it will rain tomorrow, I may not be going shopping then.

References:

Introduction to Plain Forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Introduction-to-Plain-Forms-enp0g3

How to explain the reason using ので

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-explain-the-reason-using-eons27

Noun Modification Using a Progressive Form

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Noun-Modification-Using-a-Progressive-Form-eo2g5k

Changing a verb into a noun describing an action

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Changing-a-verb-into-a-noun-describing-an-action-env5hs

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986