In this lesson, I will introduce you the expression ので, which is quite similar to から.

ので is also used to give the reason for the situation.

きのう　のみすぎたので　あたま　が　いたいです。

Because I drank too much yesterday, I have a headache.

きのう　おそく　ねたので　ねむいです。

I went to bed late last night, I am sleepy.

きょう　は　クリスマスなので　にぎやかです。

Because today is Christmas, it's crowded.

きのう　は　クリスマスだったので　にぎやかでした。

Because yesterday was Christmas, it was crowded.

きょうと　は　きれいなので　また　いきたいです。

Because Kyoto is beautiful, I want to go there again.

きょうと　は　きれいだったので　また　いきたいです。

Because Kyoto was beautiful, I want to go there again.

この　ゲーム　は　たのしいので　また　やりましょう。

Because this video game is fun, let's play it again.

この　ゲーム　は　たのしかったので　また　やりましょう。

Because this video game was  fun, let's play it again.

References:

How to Explain the Reason by Using the Word "から"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-Explain-the-Reason-by-Using-the-Word-enibdg

Expression for "too much" using すぎる

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Expression-for-too-much-using-eol93n

Describing a Person's Feature

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Describing-a-Persons-Feature-ennovs

Past Tense of Adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Past-Tense-of-Adjectives-en9trh

How to say "Let's do something"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-say-Lets-do-something-enh5ds

I want to do something

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/I-want-to-do-something-eod5r2

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to describe "You had better do something" or "It's better for you to do something".

In a way, the expression for giving some advice.

You usually use past affirmative in plain forms followed by ほうがいいです to describe the affirmative statement.

If you want to advise someone not to do something, negative statement, you use present negative in plain forms.

きょう　は　はやく　ねたほうがいいです　よ。

You had better sleep early today.

* はやく is an adverb, which means early.

* ねた is past affirmative in plain forms of ねる, which means sleep.

きょう　は　はやく　ねたほうがいい　とおもいます。

I think that you had better sleep early today.

はやく　いったほうがいいです　よ。

You had better go early.

* いった is past affirmative in plain forms of いく, which means go.

はやく　いったほうがいい　とおもいます。

I think that you had better go early.

かれ　に　あわないほうがいいです　よ。

You had better not meet him.

* あわない is present negative in plain forms of あう, which means meet.

かれ　に　あわないほうがいい　とおもいます。

I think that you had better not meet him.

おさけ　を　のまないほうがいいです　よ。

You had better not drink alcohol

おさけ　を　のまないほうがいい　とおもいます。

I think that you had better not drink alcohol.

おさけ　を　のみすぎないほうがいいです　よ。

You had better not drink alcohol too much.

おさけ　を　のみすぎないほうがいい　とおもいます。

I think that you had better not drink alcohol too much.

References:

Introduction to Plain Forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Introduction-to-Plain-Forms-enp0g3

Plain Forms in Past Tense

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Plain-Forms-in-Past-Tense-eoe8fp

Sentence-ending particle "ne" and "yo"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Sentence-ending-particle-ne-and-yo-emureo

Adverbs

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Adverbs-en3nt1

How to say "I think that" in Japanese

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-say-I-think-that-in-Japanese-ens5gf

Expression for "too much" using すぎる

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Expression-for-too-much-using-eol93n

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how to describe something is beyond normal degree by using a verb stem or adjective stem plus すぎる.

ハンバーガー　を　たべすぎました。

I ate too much hamburgers.

* たべ is a verb stem of たべる, eat

きのう　おさけ　を　のみすぎました。

I drank too much last night.

* きのう means "yesterday" but in this context, I translated into "last night"

*のみ is a verb stem of のむ, drink

おさけ　を　のみすぎてはいけません。

You must not drink too much.

*おさけ means alcohol

この　へや　は　きたなすぎます。

This room is too dirty.

* きたな is the stem of an い-adjective きたない, which means dirty.

この　とけい　は　たかすぎます。

This watch is too expensive.

*たか is the stem of an い-adjective たかい, which means expensive or high.

わたし　の　ちち　は　がんこすぎます。

My father is too stubborn.

* がんこ is the stem of a な-adjective がんこ, which means stubborn.

さとうさん　は　やさしすぎます。

Mr. Sato is too kind.

* やさし is the stem of an い-adjective やさしい, which means kind.

References:

Verb Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Verb-Conjugation-emv716

Adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Adjectives-en9o8v

Noun Modification Using Adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Noun-Modification-Using-Adjectives-enb76j

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

The Expressions of Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/The-Expressions-of-Te-forms-engt2g

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you the expression using んです, which is used to explain things.

んです follows plain form of verbs, adjectives, and nouns.

In response to the utterance, "You look tanned!"

ハワイ　に　いったんです。

I went to Hawaii.

*いった is past tense plain forms of いく, go

*んです explains the reason why you look tanned.

どうして　きのう　パーティ　に　こなかったんです　か。

Why didn't you come to the party yesterday?

きのう　は　おきゃくさん　と　うちあわせ　が　あったんです。

I had a meeting with a customer yesterday.

If you were Chinese, and someone talk to you in Japanese, you can say,

ちゅうごくじんなんです。

I am Chinese.

In response to your neighbor's utterance, "Your dog runs fast!",

げんきなんです。

He is healthy.

どうしたんですか。

What happened?

あたま　が　いたいんです。

I have a headache.

References:

Introduction to Plain Forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Introduction-to-Plain-Forms-enp0g3

Plain Forms in Past Tense

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Plain-Forms-in-Past-Tense-eoe8fp

Describing a Person's Feature

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Describing-a-Persons-Feature-ennovs

Adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Adjectives-en9o8v

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you the particle や.

や also connects noun A and noun B just like the particle と.

や suggests that the things referred to are proposed as examples.

にほんしょく　のなかで　すし　や　てんぷら　が　すきです。

Among Japanese food, I like Sushi and Tempura, for example.

* や implies you have some other foods you like, but you raise Sushi and Tempura as examples.

アメリカ　や　ドイツ　に　いったことがあります。

I have been to the US and Germany, for example.

* This sentence also implies that I have been to the other countries as well.

References:

The Particle "to"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/The-Particle-to-en8953

X likes Y / X dislikes Y

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/X-likes-Y--X-dislikes-Y-encubj

How to describe your experience

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/How-to-describe-your-experience-eog5ti

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

You need to use the past tense plain form of a verb plus ことがある to describe your experience.

This expression is like "I have done this before".

ハンバーガー　を　たべたことがあります。

I have eaten a hamburger before.

*たべた is past tense plain forms of たべる, eat

*ことがあります is polite forms of ことがある

きょうと　に　いったことがあります。

I have been to Kyoto before.

*いった is past tense plain forms of いく, go

*ことがあります is polite forms of ことがある

ハンバーガー　を　たべたことがありません。

I have never eaten a hamburger before.

きょうと　に　いったことがありません。

I have never been to Kyoto before.

* In negative statement, ことがあります has been changed to ことがありません.

ハンバーガー　を　たべたことがあります　か。

Have you eaten a hamburger before?

はい、たべたことがあります。/ はい、あります。

Yes, I have.

きょうと　に　いったことがあります　か。

Have you been to Kyoto before?

はい、いったことがあります。/　はい、あります。

Yes, I have.

Reference:

Plain Forms in Past Tense

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Plain-Forms-in-Past-Tense-eoe8fp

Actual Conversation Using Past Tense Plain Forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Actual-Conversation-Using-Past-Tense-Plain-Forms-eof5oo

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

In this lesson, I will introduce you how past tense plain forms are used in the actual conversation.

Verbs:

きょう　べんきょう　した。

Did you study today?

ううん、してない。

No, I didn't.

うん、した。

Yes, I did.

きのう　おさけ　のんだ。

Did you drink alcohol yesterday?

ううん、のんでない。

No, I didn't.

うん、のんだ。

Yes, I did.

い-adjective:

りょこう　は　たのしかった。

Was your travel fun?

ううん、たのしくなかった。

No, it was not fun.

うん、たのしかった。

Yes, it was fun.

な-adjective:

きょうと　は　きれいだった。

Was Kyoto beautiful?

ううん、きれいではなかった。

No, it was not beautiful.

うん、きれいだった。

Yes, it was beautiful.

さとうさん　は　げんきだった。

Was Mr. Sato fine?

ううん、げんきではなかった。

No, he was not fine.

うん、げんきだった。

Yes, he was fine.

Reference:

Plain Forms in Past Tense

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Plain-Forms-in-Past-Tense-eoe8fp

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

Verb: たべる (eat)

-Polite forms: たべました

-Plain forms:たべた

Verb: のむ (drink)

-Polite forms: のみました

-Plain forms:のんだ

*For verbs, you need to replace the te-form endings て and で with た and だ.

い-adjective: うつくしい (beautiful)

-Polite forms: うつくしかったです

-Plain forms:うつくしかった

* For い-adjective, you need to replace the last い with かった.

な-adjective: きれい (clean, beautiful)

-Polite forms: きれいでした

-Plain forms:きれいだった 

*For な-adjective, you need to add the word だった.

Noun + です: がくせいです (is/am a student)

-Polite forms: がくせいでした

-Plain forms:がくせいだった(Replace です with だ)

*For Noun + です, you need to add the word だった.

Verb: たべる (eat)

-Polite forms: たべませんでした

-Plain forms:たべなかった

Verb: のむ (drink)

-Polite forms: のみませんでした

-Plain forms:のまなかった

い-adjective: うつくしい (beautiful)

-Polite forms: うつくしくなかったです

-Plain forms:うつくしくなかった

な-adjective: きれい (clean, beautiful)

-Polite forms: きれいではなかったです

-Plain forms:きれいではなかった

Noun + です: がくせいです (is/am a student)

-Polite forms: がくせいではなかったです

-Plain forms:がくせいではなかった

*As you might have noticed, negation ない conjugates just like an い-adjective, so you can replace ない with なかった for all categories.

References:

Introduction to Plain Forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Introduction-to-Plain-Forms-enp0g3

Actual Conversations Using Plain Forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Actual-Conversations-Using-Plain-Forms-enqrpc

Te-forms

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Te-forms-enfaqj

Verb Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Verb-Conjugation-emv716

Adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Adjectives-en9o8v

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

You need to use a verb stem together with たいです to describe what you want to do.

You can get a verb stem by removing ます from a verb in present affirmative form.

きょう　ハンバーガー　を　たべたいです。

I want to eat a hamburger today.

*たべ is a verb stem of たべる, eat. You can get たべ by removing ます from たべます, which is present affirmative of たべる.

*You can also say　きょう　ハンバーガー　が　たべたいです。

なつやすみ　は　きょうと　に　いきたいです。

I want to go to Kyoto on summer vacation.

きょう　は　はやく　ねたいです。

I want to go to bed early today.

きょう　は　ハンバーガー　を　たべたくないです。

I do not want to eat a hamburger today.

きのう　は　はやく　ねたかった　から、はやく　いえ　に　かえりました。

Because I wanted to go to bed early yesterday, I went back home early.

さとうさん　は　いえ　に　かえりたがっています。

It seems Mr. Sato wants to go home.

* When you want to describe someone else's wishes, you need to use a verb stem plus たがっています.

References:

I want something

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/I-want-something-epa75c

Verb Conjugation

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Verb-Conjugation-emv716

Particles "wo", "de", "ni", and "he"

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Particles-wo--de--ni--and-he-en1dme

Adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Adjectives-en9o8v

Past Tense of Adjectives

https://anchor.fm/yuya-sato/episodes/Past-Tense-of-Adjectives-en9trh

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986

I will introduce you the particle で(de), which is used to describe the method of transportation, tools you use , and so on.

で follows nouns to indicate the method.

まいにち　でんしゃ　で　がっこう　に　いきます。

I go to school by train everyday.

タクシー　で　かえります。

I will go home by taxi.

iPhone 　で　しゃしん　を　とりました。

I took a picture with iPhone.

Instagram:

https://www.instagram.com/yuyaman1986