The provided text, primarily excerpts from a Japanese Wikipedia page on the Norio Nagayama serial murders, details the series of four fatal shootings committed by the then-19-year-old Nagayama in 1968 across four Japanese prefectures. The entries meticulously recount the events of each crime, the subsequent investigation and arrest of Nagayama, and the protracted legal proceedings that followed. A significant portion of the text is dedicated to the criminal trial, spanning from the initial hearings through multiple appeals to the Supreme Court, ultimately resulting in a death sentence and its eventual execution. The overview also touches upon the motivations behind the crimes, the intense legal battles surrounding Nagayama's mental state and the applicability of the death penalty for a minor, and the lasting "Nagayama Standard" established for capital punishment decisions in Japan.

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The Mitsubishi Bank Hostage Incident occurred on January 26, 1979, at the Kitabatake Branch in Osaka, Japan. Akiyoshi Umekawa, armed with a shotgun, stormed the bank intending to rob it. He shot dead two employees and two police officers, marking Japan's first hostage crisis with fatalities. Umekawa took over 40 hostages, forcing female hostages to strip and form a human shield around him while terrorizing others with random gunfire. His actions were influenced by the film *Salo, or the 120 Days of Sodom*, as he sought to recreate its themes of domination and cruelty.

Police surrounded the bank and attempted negotiations, but Umekawa refused to cooperate. Over the 42-hour standoff, multiple hostages were injured by ricocheting bullets. One hostage was forced to cut off another's ear to prove his death after being shot, though the victim survived. The standoff ended when Osaka Prefectural Police stormed the building and fatally shot Umekawa on January 28, 1979.

This incident highlighted gaps in Japan’s crisis response and remains one of its most infamous cases. It also marked one of only three instances in Japanese history where police fatally shot a suspect during a hostage situation.

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Satar Fukiage, a Japanese serial killer and rapist, committed heinous crimes between 1906 and 1924. Born in Kyoto in 1889, his troubled upbringing included early criminal activity and a deviant sexual appetite. At age 17, he committed his first murder by raping and strangling an 11-year-old girl. Sentenced to life imprisonment, he studied philosophy and religion while incarcerated. Released in 1922, Fukiage resumed his crimes, raping at least 93 women and girls and murdering six victims aged 11 to 16 during a spree between 1923 and 1924.

Fukiage was arrested in July 1924 after confessing to multiple murders, though he later recanted parts of his confession. He authored an autobiography titled *Shaba* ("The Street") while awaiting trial, which was banned shortly after publication. Convicted of three murders, he was sentenced to death in May 1925. The Supreme Court upheld the sentence in July 1926, and he was executed by hanging on September 28, 1926.

Fukiage’s case remains infamous for its brutality and the sheer number of victims, highlighting systemic failures in early Japanese law enforcement and societal responses to violent crime.

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Between 1988 and 1989, Tsutomu Miyazaki, later dubbed the "Otaku Murderer," abducted, murdered, and mutilated four young girls aged 4 to 7 in Tokyo and Saitama. Miyazaki lured his victims into his car, killed them in secluded areas, and engaged in necrophilic acts with their corpses. He dismembered their bodies, preserved parts as trophies, and sent taunting letters and remains to the victims' families. His crimes included cannibalism and drinking blood from one victim's severed hands.

The case shocked Japan due to its gruesome nature and Miyazaki's psychological profile. Despite evidence of mental disorders, courts ruled him sane and fully accountable for his actions. Arrested in July 1989 after being caught photographing a young girl, Miyazaki's home revealed thousands of videotapes containing horror films, anime, and footage of his victims. This led to moral panic linking "otaku" culture to violent crime.

Miyazaki's trial began in 1990, focusing on his mental state. While psychiatrists debated his competency, courts ultimately sentenced him to death in 1997. The sentence was upheld by higher courts, and Miyazaki was executed by hanging in 2008. His case remains one of Japan's most infamous serial killings.

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Shoko Asahara: Cult Leader and Terrorist

Shoko Asahara (born Chizuo Matsumoto, 1955-2018) founded the infamous Aum Shinrikyo cult. Despite partial blindness, he was ambitious, exploring religion after early business ventures and an arrest for selling unlicensed drugs. His charismatic leadership and apocalyptic teachings attracted followers, evolving into radical ideologies justifying violence to establish a new order.

Under Asahara's control, Aum Shinrikyo committed horrific crimes, including the Sakamoto family murder (1989), the Matsumoto sarin attack (1994), and the deadly Tokyo subway sarin attack (1995). Arrested in 1995 as the mastermind, Asahara's trial was marked by erratic behavior. He was convicted and sentenced to death for multiple murders and terrorist acts.

Increasingly unresponsive in detention, his death sentence was finalized in 2006, and he was executed in 2018. Asahara's rise and the atrocities committed by his cult serve as a stark warning about extremism and the dangers of unchecked authority, raising critical questions about religious freedom and the responsibility of cult leaders. His legacy remains a subject of intense debate.

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The Zama Serial Murder Case: A Tragic Crime in Modern Japan

In 2017, a disturbing case shocked Japan and the world. In Zama, a city near Tokyo, police discovered the remains of nine people—eight women and one man—in a small apartment. The man who lived there, 27 years old at the time, was arrested and later admitted to killing all nine victims.

The case began when police investigated the disappearance of a young woman. Their search led them to the suspect’s apartment. There, they found evidence of multiple murders. The man had used social media—specifically Twitter—to contact people who were struggling with feelings of depression or suicidal thoughts. He pretended to be supportive and told them he would die with them. But instead, he lured them to his apartment, where he killed them.

The crimes took place over about two months. The suspect later said his real motive was not to die but to take advantage of the victims—some for money, others for control.

He was arrested, put on trial, and received the death penalty in 2020. The case led to major changes in how Japan monitors social media and supports people with mental health struggles. It reminded the nation of the importance of kindness, trust, and seeking help.

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The Niigata Girl Confinement Case: A Story of Survival and Awareness

In 1990, in a quiet town in Niigata, Japan, a 9-year-old girl disappeared while walking home from school. Despite large search efforts by police and local people, she could not be found. For over nine years, no one knew where she was or what had happened to her.

In reality, she had been kidnapped by a man who took her to his home and locked her in a small room on the second floor. The man, who lived with his mother, used threats and violence to keep her from escaping. He was not employed and had been socially isolated for years. His mental health problems, including a fear of germs and aggressive behavior toward his mother, made the situation more dangerous.

During the long years of confinement, the girl was rarely allowed to move freely. She was not allowed to go outside, and she could not use the bathroom like normal. Her food was limited, and she became weak and sick. She lost muscle strength and even the ability to walk properly. She was also emotionally abused, and she became mentally detached from the outside world. Despite this, she kept surviving every day.

In 2000, when the kidnapper’s mother finally reported her son’s violence to the local health office, a group of social workers came to their house. There, they found the girl wrapped in a blanket on the kidnapper’s bed. She was now 19 years old. She had spent more than 9 years in captivity, without anyone knowing she was alive.

The police arrested the man, and he was later sentenced to 14 years in prison. After serving his sentence, he was released but died a few years later due to illness.

This case shocked Japan and the world. People were horrified that such a thing could happen in a peaceful country. It raised important questions about how police investigate missing children, how mental illness is handled in families, and how social systems can fail to detect abuse.

The girl, after being rescued, received care and support to recover physically and emotionally. Many people admired her strength and courage. Her story became a symbol of survival — and a reminder that children must be protected at all costs.

In the years that followed, Japan improved its child protection systems and raised awareness about social isolation and mental health. The Niigata case is still remembered today as one of the most heartbreaking yet important child protection stories in modern Japan.

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​In April 1995, Hideo Murai, a top executive of the Japanese religious group Aum Shinrikyo, was fatally stabbed outside the group's Tokyo headquarters. Murai, known for his scientific expertise, played a significant role in the group's activities. The assailant, Hiroyuki Jo, a member of the Yamaguchi-gumi crime syndicate, attacked Murai in front of numerous reporters and police officers. Jo was immediately apprehended and later sentenced to 12 years in prison. The motive behind the attack remains unclear, leading to various theories about possible connections between organized crime and Aum Shinrikyo. This incident highlighted the complex and secretive nature of the group's operations and its interactions with other entities.

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In November 2009, a tragic event occurred in the city of Matsue, located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. A 19-year-old female university student was reported missing after failing to return home from her part-time job. Her disappearance led to an extensive search by local authorities and volunteers.

Approximately one week later, the search came to a sorrowful conclusion when her dismembered remains were discovered in a mountainous area of Hiroshima Prefecture, which neighbors Shimane. This grim discovery shocked the local communities and garnered national attention due to the severity and unusual nature of the crime.

The investigation into this heinous act was complex and spanned several months. In 2010, a significant breakthrough occurred when a 33-year-old man was arrested in connection with the crime. He was charged with kidnapping, murdering, and dismembering the young woman. The man confessed to the charges, and subsequent court proceedings resulted in his conviction. He was sentenced to death, reflecting the gravity of his actions.

This tragic case brought to light several critical issues within Japanese society, particularly concerning the safety of young women and the challenges associated with preventing violent crimes. It prompted discussions about the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in responding to missing person reports and the importance of community vigilance.

For high school students unfamiliar with Japan, it's essential to understand that such violent crimes are relatively rare in the country. Japan is often regarded as one of the safest nations globally, with low crime rates and a strong sense of community responsibility. However, this incident served as a poignant reminder that no society is immune to crime, and continuous efforts are necessary to ensure the safety and well-being of all individuals.

In response to the incident, local communities and educational institutions in Japan have emphasized the importance of personal safety, especially for young students. Schools have implemented programs to educate students about potential dangers and encourage them to remain vigilant in their daily lives. Additionally, there has been a push for improved communication between communities and law enforcement to foster a safer environment for everyone.

While this case is deeply saddening, it underscores the importance of community solidarity, awareness, and proactive measures in preventing crime and ensuring public safety. It also highlights the resilience of communities in coming together to support one another during challenging times.

In February 2021, a tragic event occurred in Asahikawa, a city in Hokkaido, Japan. A 14-year-old girl was found frozen to death in a public park after going missing during a bitterly cold night. This heartbreaking case shocked many people across Japan and later became a national topic of discussion because of the events that led to her death.

The girl had been a student at Hokusei Junior High School. Soon after she entered the school in 2019, she became the target of severe bullying by a group of students. Some of the bullying involved emotional abuse, threats through messaging apps, and even the sharing of inappropriate photos. At one point, she was pressured to send explicit images, which were then spread among students, and she was later forced to do things against her will. One serious incident occurred when she was surrounded by a group of students and pressured to jump into a river. The police were called, but the students claimed the girl was abused by her mother, which caused confusion in the investigation.

Over time, the girl’s mental health worsened. She developed symptoms of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) and had to be hospitalized and stay away from school. Despite moving to another area, she continued to struggle emotionally.

On the night of February 13, 2021, in temperatures as low as -17°C, she suddenly left home and didn’t return. Her body was found over a month later. The official cause of death was hypothermia (freezing), likely on the same night she disappeared.

This case raised many questions about how schools and local governments handle bullying. Initially, the incident was not reported widely in the media. But after a major news outlet investigated and shared the story, public attention grew. The girl’s family asked the school and city officials for answers, but for a long time, they were not given clear information or access to investigation reports.

Later investigations confirmed that the bullying was serious and long-lasting. However, some official reports hesitated to connect the bullying directly to her death. This caused frustration and pain for the family, who believed that the system failed to protect their daughter.

In 2024, after years of public pressure and new investigations, a final report officially recognized that the girl had taken her own life due to the severe bullying she endured. The city apologized, and the head of the education board resigned.

This tragic case reminds us how important it is to listen to victims, take bullying seriously, and act with care. It also shows how hard families sometimes have to fight to be heard—and how society must keep improving to protect its most vulnerable members.

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