This is part 1 in a series of four videos about Divine Discipline in Yoga – Part 1 - Observances (Niyamas) – the 'Limbs of Yoga' from Patanjali's Yoga Sutras – Yamas and Niyamas.
In this video Alice Christensen (Mother Alice) and Swami Lakshmanjoo discuss the five Niyamas (observances) as interpreted in Kashmir Shaivism.
Alice: You know the discipline of yoga, it seems to be so complicated, but in Patañjali’s book, the Yamas and Niyamas, of how to practice yoga, a lot of Americans they are trying to read that and understand that. Let's talk a little bit about what those things are.
Swamiji: These are limbs of yoga. Limbs of the body of yoga. Just imagine yoga is a body and it has limbs, which are to be developed first, before entering into yoga.
And these limbs are eight limbs:
1. Yama (conduct)
2. Niyamā (observance)
3. Āsana (seat)
4. Prāṇāyāma (breath)
5. Pratyāhāra (withdrawal)
6. Dhāraṇā (concentration)
7. Dhyāna (meditation)
8. Samādhi (highest state)
These are eight limbs, and these eight limbs we have to grow. These we have not to grow one by one. This is just like a baby in the womb. When a woman conceives that baby, the limbs of that baby grow simultaneously. It is not like that, head will grow first, then one arm will grow, and another arm will grow, afterwards, leg will grow, one leg will grow, foot will grow. No. They grow simultaneously. In the same way, the limbs of yoga are to be developed simultaneously.
Do you understand?
Alice: Yes, I understand, yes.
Swamiji: And these limbs are Yamas, Niyamas…
Yamas are five. They are classified in five sections. There are five Yamas.
And Niyamas are also five.
Niyamas:
1. Śauca (cleanliness – purity of mind, body and speech)
2. Santoṣa (contentment – satisfaction with whatever you have)
3. Tapas (patience – self-control, not yielding to temptation)
4. Svādhyāya (Self-knowing – understanding your Self)
5. Īśvara praṇidhānā (love and devotion to God)
These are Niyamas.
Yamas:
1. Ahiṁsā (non-violence – in both speech and action)
2. Satya (truthfulness – in speech and thought)
3. Asteya (non-stealing – both mental and physical)
4. Brahmacarya (maintaining mental and physical character)
5. Aparigraha (non-hoarding)
These are five Yamas.
Śauca: Śauca is purity of your body and mind. This is first limb of yoga. You have to see that your body is pure and your mind is pure. This is Śauca.
And the power of Śauca, the siddhi, you know, siddhis?
Alice: Yes, the siddhis would be powers.
Swamiji: Powers that come from developing this Śauca, this is one of the five Niyamas... Śauca is... by developing Śauca...
शौचात्स्वाङ्गजुगुप्सा परैरसंसर्गः॥ २-४०॥
Śaucātsvāṅgajugupsā parairasaṁsargaḥ || 2.40 ||
...this is the power that is developed by this śauca, purity in body and mind. That is svāṅga jugupsā, he feels that his body is always impure. Svāṅga jugupsā, he does not like the limbs of his body. And, paraira saṁsargaḥ, he does not want to contact another body with his body. This is the power that is achieved by this Śauca. It is said by Patañjali.
And next is Santoṣa. Santoṣa is contentment. This is also one limb of yoga. Contentment, whatever God has given us be content with that. That is Santoṣa.
सन्तोषादनुत्तमसुखलाभः॥२-४२॥
Santoṣādanuttamasukhalābhaḥ || 2-42 ||
This is the power that is attained by this Santoṣa. By that Santoṣa what does he achieve? He achieves, nuttama sukhalābhaḥ,