Law & Business

Law & Business

By Anthony M. Verna III, Esq.BusinessNewsBusiness News
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Law & Business episodes

  • Video Blog 19: What to Expect in Mediation for Trademark Infringement Suits or Trademark Opposition Proceedings

    Right before Christmas, my wife had to pick me up from the
    airport and it's not fun to go from the airport straight to my parents. Where
    was I? I was in Los Angeles at a mediation.



    While I have the philosophical problem with a federal court
    ordering the parties to a private mediation, that's what happened in this case.
    So let's talk about what happens if you have a trademark infringement suit and
    are going to mediation.



    Number one, you need to expect to be compromising on your
    case in order to settle it. If a court is ordering you to mediation, whether
    that's a judge-led mediation or a private mediation, the judge really is
    expecting you to settle your case. That means that you have to compromise.
    Well, both parties have to compromise. That means you as the plaintiff can't be
    expecting $10 million if there's only, for example, 1000 sales. Of course,
    depending upon the price of the product.



    Number two, you need to understand the weaknesses for that
    particular situation. If your trademark is not registered, that is a
    weakness. 



    Number three, you're also going to be sitting down with
    somebody who probably doesn't necessarily have a lot of power but will be able
    to hopefully talk to both sides. So that person is going to prepare for the
    case. So, also, you have to know the strengths of your case and you also have
    to know the weaknesses of your case. That is very key in a mediation and it's
    certainly something that that personally I struggle with with my clients.



    I want to show you the strengths of the case, but I also am obligated
    to say here's why your case is not necessarily worth $10 million or here's why
    your case, you know is going to need to settle during this particular phase.



    Number four, understand that also there's going to be a lot
    of downtime at a mediation. The mediator is going to talk to us, the mediator
    is going to talk to the other side and there's a whole lot of thinking for what
    doesn't exactly seem like a whole lot of action.



    Don't expect a whole lot of action, expect a lot of downtime
    and trying to settle a case. It's going to take time, but hopefully during the
    mediation, the lawsuit can settle.



    Understand your case, understand the weaknesses of your
    case. Expect the private mediator to talk to both sides in order to get that
    resolution and ultimately expect to compromise on that resolution. But during
    that private mediation, get the resolution and then your case will be settled
    and then both sides can move on with the business that that, that they're
    doing. I'm Anthony Verna, managing partner of Verna Law, where we focus on IP
    and advertising law. Thank you.
    0 min
  • Video Blog 18: Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Motion for Sanctions

    Hi Anthony Verna here.



    Let's talk a little bit about a decision that came from the Trademark
    Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) on October 31st.



    First, it reminded me of a case a few years ago that I had in
    which I made my appearance in the case and opposing counsel, about two weeks,
    later filed a motion for sanctions. Why did opposing counsel want to sanction
    me when I was only involved in the case for two weeks? Well, my client was
    really not forthcoming in giving his dates for his trial testimony. Now, my
    client being the plaintiff really did need to state his case at some at some
    point.



    Opposing counsel did call him for his testimony and since he
    was foreign he really was reluctant.



    However, since I had only been in the case for two weeks,
    the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) said that no appropriate type of
    sanction in this trademark dispute was really going to be appropriate.



    So no sanctions were needed. Also, at some point, we did
    give a date for my client's testimony and we worked it out.



    Now, this case on October 31st came from the makers of
    Tito's Vodka that's called Fifth Generation and they were filing to cancel
    trademarks from a company called Titomirov Vodka LLC. Now, Titomirov Vodka LLC and
    Tito’s Vodka have had disputes since 2016. 
    One of the issues was that a Titomirov had said that the only board
    member that could be in the United States really isn't in the United States and
    therefore could not provide any particular testimony as to the cases.



    After a filing the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) found
    that this particular company might have been lying about that. And that's been
    a part of the reason for the sanctions. What were the sanctions? All of Titomirov
    Vodka LLC’s trademarks were canceled by the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
    and therefore no trademarks are registered here in the United States by this
    particular company anymore.



    It was fraudulent filings.



    It was repeated violation of court orders.



    It was repeated inability to put witnesses up for testimony.



    That is is a big reminder when there are disputes in the Trademark
    Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB). It is a federal court of law. It might be an
    administrative court, but it is a federal court of law and discovery requests
    are court orders, as subpoenas or court orders, any kind of testimony, is done
    under penalty of perjury.



    It's a federal court of law and that's the key with this
    particular case. And that court does have the power to put harsh sanctions for
    business, practicality and canceling all while that is a very hard sanction
    does come into play. So remember, if your trademark is in dispute and you're in
    the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB), you'll want to take that case as
    seriously as if it were a trademark infringement case in any federal district
    court. I'm Anthony Verna, managing partner of Verna Law where we focus on IP
    and advertising law. See you next time. Thank you.
    0 min
  • Video Blog 17: Depositions for Trademark Oppositions and Infringement Lawsuits

    Well you haven't heard from me in a few weeks. And that's
    because I've been in the middle of depositions for several cases and the travel
    schedule can be a little hectic.



    But what are we looking for in a trademark infringement or trademark
    opposition deposition?



    We're looking to take the documentation that's been discovered
    as evidence in the case. And then we're going to look to distill all of this
    evidence into some factors.



    For those of us in the biz, in the industry of
    trademark law, we call these the DuPont factors, but these are the factors that
    we're going to ask about during a deposition.



    One, we want to know about the similarity or dissimilarity
    of the party's marks. So the witness that is being deposed should be able to
    testify about the similarity or the similarity of the trademarks, even though we
    look at those with our own eyes and we see them and we can read those
    ourselves.



    Of course any judge can do that, him or herself as well.



    We also want that witness to testify about the similarity or
    dissimilarity of the nature of the goods described in the trademark application
    or registration.



    In that connection with which the mark is used, we want that
    witness to testify about the similarity or dissimilarity of any established or
    likely to continue trade channels. In other words, where do these goods or
    services travel in trade?



    What are the supply chains look like?



    Those are very important factors that any witness should be
    able to testify about the conditions under which and to whom those sales are
    made. Is this an impulse purchase? Is this a careful purchase?





    What are the price points that are involved in the
    particular goods and services involved? The witness should be able to testify
    about all of those factors as well.



    The fame of the prior mark. And when I say prior mark, there
    will be one trademark that begins this entire dispute and that is the oldest mark.
    The witness should be able to testify about that to his or her best knowledge.



    The number and nature of similar marks in use on similar
    goods.



    The witness should be able to testify about what other marks
    are out there and how this particular trademark was formulated, as well as the
    nature and extent of any actual confusion between the parties.



    Whether that the witness, the plaintiff or defendant, that
    witness should be able to testify that the parties should have some confusion
    or maybe the parties don't actually have any confusion whatsoever in commerce.
    These are the keys that will make a good witness. These are the keys that we'll
    have a good prepared witness, have good testimony and match up with the
    documentation in the trademark dispute.



    I'm Anthony Verna, managing partner Verna law, where we
    focus on IP and advertising law issues. My e-mail is [email protected] and
    we look forward to talking with you later. Thank you.
    0 min
  • Law & Business Podcast Episode 42: Jim Cushing and Anthony Verna talk about judges helping settling cases.

    In this episode of the “Law & Business” podcast, Jim Cushing and Anthony Verna talk about judges. In a recent video blog post, Anthony Verna talked about one judge helping to settle one trademark and copyright infringement lawsuit.

    Sometimes, judges are able (under the rules of procedure of their court) to aid the parties in litigation to settle their lawsuits. Jim Cushing and Anthony Verna talk about some of the cases both have had in which judges have helped and have hurt in trying to settle cases. It is a little comparing and contrasting between family law (custody issues) and intellectual property issues and the different kinds of procedure and judges the two lawyers have experienced.

    Here is a lightly-edited transcript of the podcast episode:
    Anthony Verna:
    All right, welcome back to the Law and Business podcast and welcome back, Jim Cushing. How are you doing, sir?

    Jim Cushing:
    How ya doing, Anthony? Thanks for having me back, it’s been a while.

    Anthony Verna:
    Hey, I know it’s been a while, but the podcast is a little intermittent than I would like. So, thank you so much for being back. Recently I had an appearance in federal court in the beautiful city of Binghamton, New York, where they’re so used to intellectual property lawsuits. To the point that the magistrate judge was asking me about, about a provision in the Lanham Act that is little used and the look of shock and horror on his face was something I don’t think I’ve ever seen before.

    Jim Cushing:
    It’s never  good when you’re teaching the judge the law.

    Anthony Verna:
    That’s true. But I think that happens a little more for me than for you, which led to this magistrate saying, okay, this is a trademark and copyright infringement case. It’s something that he was fully admitting that he was not used to, but that there two magistrates in the Northern District of New York that have intellectual property expertise and experience and wondering if the parties would want to have one of those magistrates hold a settlement conference. Andin this particular case, my client was all for it because we’re dealing with a pro se litigants. So, a litigant who’s representing himself. Right. And as I’m sure you’re aware a pro se litigant can be a little on the extreme side.

    Jim Cushing:
    Well, you know, they go into it thinking this is going to be my day in court and I’m going to go all the way and they don’t really understand the process or where they’ve got a weakness.

    Anthony Verna:
    Exactly. So, I think this was a smart time that, um, that a judge is forcing us into settlement. And, of course, since then, I think the litigant has realized that yes, he’s not going to be going all the way and he’s not going to be really getting his day in court. And so, he’s actually sent me a couple different settlement options since then. So have there been times when a judge has forced you, someone who’s in family law into settlements that you think are good and help the case rather than dealing with litigation?

    Jim Cushing:
     I think that as I said, I’m a family attorney or you said I’m a family attorney and I think family is kind of unique in the legal field because it really, a lot of the times the object of a family case is someone who’s not even in court, you know, your son or your daughter or whomever and obviously not in divorce, but in the custody or support context, sure. Is you’re dealing with somebody who’s not present, who’s the object to the case. It’s not just money or like, no offense to your practice, but like a copyright. It’s like a real human being whose life is going to be affected. And when it comes down to it, we’re trying to do what’s best for that person and sometimes what’s best for that person, it’s not necessarily some legal one-upsmanship.

    It’s just a practical consideration. And you know, when you have a decent judge, they look at this and they see the legal arguments from both sides, but they’re also, if they’re worth their salt, they see a kid involved. Or a couple of kids involved whose lives will be affected and the judge may think, you know what, I think we need to get this thing settled because having warring parents indefinitely is not good for anybody. And so, he gets involved or she gets involved and says, you know, maybe we should sit down and, and figure this out. And the make the, they sort of make the procedures in a way that there the trial procedure in a way that sort of fosters, I don’t want to say compels, but fosters that kind of resolution over a trial.

    For example. And I can give you an example. I had a judge, I won’t mention his name, he’s retired now unfortunately, but I had a judge for many years until I left the family court who had a reputation for holding perpetual conferences. Or conferences perpetually, I should say. So, for example, the court also scheduled trial date for X day, the parties appear, the judge will say you know what, I’d like to have everyone come into the chambers to have a conference about how the trial will go. And that’s where he will sit down and say, what are you doing here? And why are you doing this? And just give me an idea of what you’re going to argue.

    And so we would, and he’ll say, I don’t think this is worthy of a trial. I think you need to figure this out. So, I’m going to reschedule our trial for 60 days from now. I want you to address these problems and let me know how you did it. And then we’ll come back and conference again. And, even though we had trial dates, it was very difficult to get actually into trial because he would say, well, we need to talk about this. You need to figure this out. Come back in three days or whatever it is. And you know, you don’t want to stonewall, a judge and say, no, I’m not gonna talk about that if you want to be that guy. And I think it benefited the clients ultimately, even though they got frustrated because they never really got in front of a judge to bad mouth the other person, which is really his goal. But he didn’t want the two parents coming in and like attacking each other. And I think it was you sort of forcing people to figure it out, which is what you need to do in custody.
    Anthony Verna:
    Oh. And I think, and I think that’s what makes family law unique is the emotions that that sadly come out of divorce that sadly come out of custodial disputes and I think it’s up to a judge to truly keep those emotions in check.

    Jim Cushing:
    Yeah. I mean, what I will say is, at least in the context of family, I always tell my clients this, that, you know, when your kids are two or three or four or five or young, whatever it is, the reality of it is you are setting the tone, mom and dad are setting the tone for themselves for not just the next custody order, but until this kid is 18 or an adult. And I say to them, if you’re going to poison the well when your son or daughter’s five, how are you two going to go to his graduation when he’s 18 and be in the same room together when he’s married and all that sort of thing. Right? And you’re burdening him so it’s better for people to sort of figure it out. You know, you’re going to have to live with this person forever, even if you’re not in same house. You know, they gotta deal with this person forever. And so, I think the way the judge handles that is really critical.

    Anthony Verna:
    One of the issues that I think that makes intellectual property unique and I kind of hinted at this in the intro, is that I think a lot of judges… Well, one, I think a lot of attorneys don’t know what intellectual property is to begin with and therefore when attorneys become federal judges, if they are prosecutors all the time and maybe not familiar with the civil side or whatever the case might be, they just aren’t familiar with IP law in general sitting on the federal bench. And, and sometimes, yes, I have to educate. But family law judges tend to be family law experts because this is all they see as the state. Regardless of all this I’m licensed here in New Jersey, family law is its own court there and it’s certainly in Pennsylvania. Family law is in its own court as well.

    Jim Cushing:
    Yeah. I mean, in the bigger jurisdictions, like I practice in Philadelphia, mainly in the bigger jurisdictions, there is a segregated family courts , where that’s what those judges do day in, day out. When you go into the more of the more sparsely areas like Center County for example, it’s four judges for everything. It’s a little bit different.

    Anthony Verna:
    Do you ever find yourself struggling with a judge in terms of education of a case or in terms of how a judge would like you to settle?

    Jim Cushing:
    Yeah, I have found in the smaller counties, and that would, by smaller, I mean places outside the Philadelphia five county metro area, where the judge has become a jack of all trades rather than specific. They either treat a family case like a regular civil litigation case, which it’s not. Right? I mean, it’s one thing if you blow a deadline in a civil litigation case, you might lose, right? But no one ever loses a custody case, right? Or a divorce case or a support case. So, they treat it with like that. And then that becomes very frustrating.

    Anthony Verna:
    Well, and I would assume that that there are different rules of procedure for a Pennsylvania family case, just like in New York and New Jersey

    Jim Cushing:
    Yes, there are, but then they treat it like there are rules and that gets frustrating too. So, I mean, family law is sort of in between as it were. I mean, I sometimes joke that family all sometimes devolves into whoever gets their shoulders on the mat first, but it really shouldn’t be that way and the judges shouldn’t foster that.

    Anthony Verna:
    I would hope the judges don’t foster that in, in any particular case. I recently had a case that was moved to California, the central district of California. And the judge there immediately sent the case out to a private mediation first. And I’ve always found that that private mediation and intellectual property are not all that strong because a lot of times private mediators tend to think of things like business solutions when neither party is really looking for a business solution. Neither party is really looking to work together. But that really to me seems like the core of family law, like both parties have to work together.

    Jim Cushing:
    Did you feel that the judge did that because he was out of his depth and he was sort of like, just get it off my docket. And you just deal with this.

    Anthony Verna:
    I think so sometimes. Yeah. I think are some, certainly in my case I’ve had judges who’ve said, I just don’t understand this case. I would hope a judge, a federal judge in Los Angeles would understand intellectual property. I if there are three areas where intellectual property is going to be tried more than others, it’s going to be Southern District of New York, Central District of California. And oddly enough, the Eastern District of Texas where a whole bunch of patent cases get filed because there’s like nothing else in that particular section of Texas. So, they wind up with a rocket docket. I have certainly seen a few judges who don’t understand IP and they kind of just want it off.
    And ordered the parties either to the magistrate settlement conference, or maybe the issue is very simple. I once had a judge here in the Southern District of New York who ordered the parties to mediation, excuse me, to a settlement conference by a magistrate judge. And I can tell you that the plaintiff was so angry that all the attorneys like threw their pens down right in front of the judge after that order came. The judge did not say anything about that, oddly enough, but basically, she called on me and I stood up and she goes, “Mr. Verna, you seem like a person who likes to settle cases.” And, of course, I’m like, “Well your honor, that does tend to be our first calling as counsel on cases.” I believe I had filed a motion to dismiss in the case. And she’s like, ”Well, I can give you two options, you can retract the motion to dismiss, I order this to a settlement conference and, if it doesn’t work out you can tell me why it didn’t work out.” And I said, “Okay, your honor. That’s one option. What’s the other?” And she said, “I could just freeze all the dates and send it to the settlement conference, et cetera.” I’ll take option two.

    And she said, “Sure.” And yeah. And then I feel like she knew that probably the plaintiff wouldn’t be happy with that. But frankly at that particular case, it wasn’t a matter of of infringement or did my client infringe, it was really, to be honest with you, in that particular case it was damages. You know, my client had not sold a lot of versions of the product that had infringed. And it was a situation where I told my client a million times, pick up the phone and call me before you sell something new, we don’t need to go through a formal trademark search for everything but at least call and we could figure things out.

    Jim Cushing:
     So that’s general advice for any client. Call them before the decision’s made so I don’t have to undo your bad one.

    Anthony Verna:
    Exactly. But in that particular case, the judge saw that we were, despite the fact that we filed a motion to dismiss that the issues in that particular case were narrow. And that it all it came down to was really a number to be honest with you. And while the plaintiff was certainly not happy with the number that that came from the settlement conference, my client was happy that it was really low for a federal trademark infringement lawsuit. It was really low. So, litigating would’ve been a lot more than that. So sometimes I have to do that cost benefit analysis. I had another case that was pure counterfeiting and we had to file against three or four different defendants and, effectively they were wound up being represented by one lawyer. And that was another case where I was like, look, I’d be happy with the settlement conference because as far as I can tell, all it is, is money. Right. If they’re just basically giving up in the case, I’d be happy in front of a magistrate, let’s get a number and move on with our lives. So sometimes a lot of judges have been happy to say, okay, good, you understand the problem, let’s get you in front of a magistrate, get a number, get the case off the docket.

    Jim Cushing:
    Yeah. Like I said, with family, you’re really dealing with really personal, emotional things and does it surprise you that people in that situation become unreasonable because they’re very angry or annoyed or hurt or whatever. Let me just tell you a story. I had a judge in one of the counties here sort of do real politic when it comes to settling a case. He had me and another attorney come into his chambers and he, and he said, to his court reporter, “Stop taking notes. And by the way, if either of you say anything to anybody, this conversation never happened and I’m going to see you again in another hearing.”, which is like a strong-arm way of saying you’re getting this done.

    This is a stupid, I don’t know if I would have done it if I were him. I think it’s a little bit, but the situation was in Pennsylvania. We have a variety of ways of divorcing. One way is the traditional fault divorce, which is what most people I think, think of; that my spouse committed adultery or beat me up or left or whatever. And that’s very traditional, but in the last 40 years or so, no fault divorces arisen. And with no fault there is literally, you’re not claiming anyone did anything wrong. You’re just saying we don’t want to be married anymore and no one has to prove anything. And there’s two ways in Pennsylvania doing the no fault divorce. One is both the husband and wife sign an affidavit saying they consent to divorce, right. Or the other way is if you’ve been separated maritally not necessarily physically in your same house, you’ve not functioned as a married couple for, at the time it was two years, now it’s one.

    We’ve not been together as a married couple for two years. And then based upon that length of time, we can say unilaterally we’re not going to be together anymore. Let’s just get this over with, and of course there’s defenses to that. But the point is that I had a client who I inherited from another attorney who I think she had, I think I was her third attorney, which is never a good sign. But she insisted that she wanted to pursue a fault-based divorce, of which there are literally five in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania per year cause no one does it because there’s no financial benefit or anything. It’s just an emotional one. But her attorney did an alternative pleading, which is for those who are not attorneys here, that means you do multiple counts in your complaint and you try to do the one that works at the time.

    And he put in a date of a two-year separation count in there, as a divorce and she was adamant about getting that withdrawn. But there’s already an answer filed. It the procedurally it was that you couldn’t really withdraw it anymore cause the other to the other party was refusing. And she’s collecting alimony. So, they’re like, well, you can’t do this forever. So, the judge basically called us in and that’s the short story of the procedures. The judge called us into his chambers, said, you know, this is the way it’s going to go down. And he goes “Here’s how it’s going to go down.” And I’m sort of mostly quoting, but it’s mostly some of the paraphrase. He said, “This is presents to me a very interesting legal argument to me. So, I’m going to need you to brief that and that’s going to be due in 30 days.”

    And they said to the other attorney, “And I need you to respond to that brief. I’ll say 30 days after that. And I don’t know how long it’s going to take me to read these briefs and rule on it because it’s very unique, sarcastically speaking, very unique, very niche. So, it’s going to be take, I don’t know how long it’s going to take me to review this and come up with a ruling, but once I do, I’m going to have to schedule a hearing for all arguments.” And basically what he was doing is pushing these briefings, all this sort of fake semi fake briefing schedules after the point where the two years would have lapsed and you would just enter an order for divorce because two years and pass, she was like artificially creating a litigation just to get this over with and we’d have to litigate anything. And you know, my client wasn’t happy with it, but you know, it’s the truth of the matter is what she was trying to pursue didn’t really have any purpose besides emotional one. You know what I mean?

    Anthony Verna:
    Yes. No, I understand. I understand completely. I mean, look, even in IP, I’ve been there. I once had a case where I filed a copyright infringement suit and then the other side countered with defamation and it’s a claim that was so far out there that it didn’t make any sense to me. Meanwhile, included in my exhibits were my client’s original work and what was found from the defendant’s website, and it was, even the typos are exactly the same, same exact mistakes in it, not just the same thing, but the emotions between these two competitors were so high that the other side filed a defamation lawsuit and didn’t want to do anything in terms of trying to settle the case because of, again, because of high emotions, especially when two competitors going after each other. So, just to analogize, I do see that as well. But in your particular case, I thought the judge kind of came up with a creative way of saying, I’ll drag my feet until no fault is triggered. And, so if you guys don’t want to work it out, we’ll just drag it. I’ll drag it out myself.

    Jim Cushing:
    Yep. And then again, it could get past the two-year threshold and just deal with it. Cause you know, and one of the legal issues in that case was, and this is what made it interesting is that as I said, there’s the option to consent to do a divorce and no fault divorce. And her prior counsel put in an account for consent divorce. And so, but she was refusing to consent to her own divorce because she was insisting to me to do fault based. And, there is case law that states that if you can’t collect support spousal support against your spouse, your soon to be ex-spouse while also refusing to consent your own, you can’t artificially extend your litigation to collect support.  The judge was like, well, I can dismiss the whole case and then we’ll start again.
    And that would just dismiss the underlying support case. Well, I don’t even want that.

    Anthony Verna:
    Right.

    Jim Cushing:
    You know?

    Anthony Verna:
    Right. Because she’s going to maintain her lifestyle.

    Jim Cushing:
    Yeah.

    Anthony Verna:
    Or at least that’s the theory behind support.

    Jim Cushing:
    Exactly. Right. And so, then the judge is like, well, here’s what I’m going to do. I’m going to make this artificially long in, not in so many words, just do it myself. And I thought, well that’s creative. I didn’t like how he did it. Am I going to sort of paint a little bow on it. His chambers hat had a screen door out into the courtyard, which is in the middle of the courthouse and he was sitting next to the screen door smoking a cigarette at the screen door while he was talking to us. So, it’s very much like a shakedown in like a weird way. But you know, here’s what I want to do. And if you don’t like it, no, you can’t. You know you can’t say anything because I want to see you again. Just remember that. And I’m like, Oh, Jesus.

    Anthony Verna:
    You know. Meanwhile, the judge that handled the copyright slash defamation case that I was talking about was a former prosecutor and it was fascinating to arrive in court, I’m a little early for hearings with her and see the criminal cases that were going on before her because she would cut through those like a hot knife through butter. Right. And when it came to like our intellectual property case, I had written more than one request about trying to get the parties together for a settlement conference because I think sometimes a good magistrate can take a case, wrap it in a bow and get the parties to crack the heads of the lawyers and get them to seriously talk about what the meat is and get the case done and over with and settled and get past that emotion.

    Because a lot of times even lawyers will inhibit the, the emotions of their clients. And I kind of thought that’s what opposing counsel is doing at that time as well. And you know, this judge, she just kept in my opinion kind of flubbing over what the main issues of the case were. And she kept saying that the other side claims that none of it was original. And I’m like, I’m not talking about the concept of what the works are. I’m talking about the actual words. Like if you read the complaint, it’s the words. If you look at the exhibit, it’s the words, it’s the actual exact words from one party to the other. And…

    Jim Cushing:
    You say you’re talking about the hot knife through butter. I mean, I think that is one of the advantages of like a place like Philadelphia. I mean there’s, there’s disadvantages of course, cause there’s a huge backlog, but, sure. But in Philadelphia, custody trials are like a year after filing, right? So, in your whole, your kid’s whole life is different a year, right? But I will say that the Philadelphia family court judges there is nothing they haven’t seen. And so they’re not impressed with like all of the sort of, if you know, a factual or legal or emotional appeals that are clearly at variance with what they’re seeing in front of them right there, they say, I’ve seen this before, this is how you’re going to deal with this. And unlike, say for example, a smaller county judge who they don’t see family custody cases every single day. And so, they do sort of get sucked into the emotionality, but also sometimes.

    Anthony Verna:
    Do you find that now that now that you know you’re a father, you’ve got two kids, do you find that that your own angle on this has changed?

    Jim Cushing:
    Uh, well actually, yeah, I do. I want to say one thing before I get to that is that you mentioned that the emotionality of the attorney, I will say that as a family lawyer, your clients sort of expect you to join them in their angst. And sometimes it’s hard to do that and they don’t really like that. Because it might be wrong.

    Anthony Verna:
    Well I do that. Look, I tell a lot of potential clients all the time, especially when they come to me and it’s a trademark opposition proceeding and I say, look, this is a lawsuit and it’s a lawsuit only for you to register a trademark or have you like fallen in love with your trademark that that you’re going to fight. You know, and your business is still a start-up. And they kind of like think about that for a second. I go, cause you’ve already violated my first rule, which is don’t fall in love.

    Jim Cushing:
    I mean, I would say for me, I’ve been a parent for essentially 11 years now. And when you’re in the parenting mode, making parenting decisions every day as a person, as a human being, attorneys are human beings. I think, at least for us as far as I can tell, maybe some of us are. And, so when you have parents come to you and they’re stressing out over their kid, I can sort of offer what limited wisdom I have in saying in 11 years and say, listen, this is a choice, not a decision. There’s two different things. Your kid’s not gonna be forever condemned to a life of mediocrity because of X, because he didn’t get to this premiere preschool or whatever. And, just bring it down a notch or whatever. And I can sort of help with that, in what I think is wise. Maybe I’m making unwise decisions as a parent. I don’t know. But I can only say from personal experience, I can offer them advice myself. You know, now when the kids are older than me, they might say, what do you know? You don’t have teenagers yet, which might be valid too. I don’t know.

    Anthony Verna:
    Well, no, and Hey, I can understand. I can understand that as well. So, when the judge kind of forces you into this settlement mode, I know that that trying to wrap this up into a neat little bow is nigh impossible but good, bad, indifferent. How do you react when a judge pushes you into the settlement mode rather than trying to take this case all the way to the end through a trial and family law?

    Jim Cushing:
    That’s a good question. I think for most people, and they don’t want to admit this at the time because there are very strong feelings about the other parent, but the reality of it is 90% of the time, and that’s not a scientific number, but it’s probably right, that both parents are just normal, fairly decent people, right? I mean, they’re not obviously not getting along with one another. Right? And I always tell my clients the fact that you don’t like him and the fact that he hates you is irrelevant to whether they can raise your son, your daughter or whatever. And so, I think 90% of the time, the fact is they don’t want to admit is that mom or dad are going to have time exclusive of the other parent with their son or daughter.

    They just are and need to figure out how to make that happen. You’re not going to reduce the status to visitation. They’re not going to reduce them to supervision. You’re not going to reduce them to two dinners a week. He’s going to have time with his kids. And I think judges obviously going into a case, assume that that’s the general assumption that most parents should have time with the kids. And so, it’s really just getting your client to admit to themselves or him or herself. You know what, there’s nothing you can do about this. The judge is just sending you a signal. There’s nothing you can do about it. And I always tell them, “Do you want to be in control of your life and your schedule, or do you want some person who doesn’t know you and you’re just one of a thousand cases to control your time and your schedule? I think it’s better for you to do it.” And most of the time they sort of begrudgingly concede that is probably not good for some guy, which is to say the judge who doesn’t know them. And there’ll be just case set of a thousand to determine when and where they can see their kids. Maybe they should have some say in that and come to a resolution. You know what I mean?

    Anthony Verna:
    No, I, I understand that completely. It is…

    Jim Cushing:
    But by the way, I’m focusing on custody because child support is kind of mathematical and straight, more or less straight forward and divorce. That’s a whole other ball of wax. But you’re separating from somebody and so you’re less inclined to be open to settlement in that, in that regard because you, but even there, it’s like the law is very much, with a couple of exceptions, you’re going to get half of your stuff and he’s going to get half your stuff. So why don’t you just figure it out, what half each is going to get. You know what I mean? Rather than having some judge do it for you.

    Anthony Verna:
    No, I understand exactly what you mean. And not that long ago there was a case that went up to the appellate division in New York. You file in Supreme court. I still don’t know why, filing Supreme Court court of appeals, then excuse me, appellate division. Then court of appeals is Supreme Court everywhere else. So there’s a case that went up to the court of appeals and it’s like, what are you guys doing spending all of this money on legal fees when you could just figure a way to split that money and keep that money.

    Jim Cushing:
    Well the thing about family too, with custody at least and support, is that it’s always modifiable

    Anthony Verna:
    Do you mean by agreement or by judge?

    Jim Cushing:
    Either one. And so for example, if I litigate a custody case and I have a trial today or whatever and the judge enters a verdict, you know, if in a month from now this isn’t working out, you just request a modification and you sort of work through that. Cause there are people who take these appeals up to the Supreme Court, which is the real Supreme Court in Pennsylvania and not the first level and it’s just, I always wonder like why are you doing this? I mean you just file for a modification again and just in sort of figure it out and tell the judge, “Hey, we tried this. It didn’t work. Here’s why.” And let’s, let’s request it be modified, and so I don’t understand the need to appeal, but some people are very much about that.

    Anthony Verna:
    I have a friend who’s a paralegal and, once in a while his ex-wife will ask for modification and she, of course, shows up with council and he goes by himself because obviously he’s got enough experience to handle this himself. And he basically says, “Well, your honor, she offered this. I offered that, she rejected it, we’re here.” And, the judge always kind of gets angry whenever they’re there in front of a judge for the modification because he always makes sure to try to counter offer and try to get somewhere in between.

    Jim Cushing:
    And as family court is very unique I think in that, depending on the jurisdiction. But I think the national average 75% of the people in family court are pro se. It’s approaching 90. And so the process is user friendly cause it’s very, it’s equity based, right? It’s not a legal court. It’s an equitable court. I don’t know if you can explain to your listeners what that means, but…

    Anthony Verna:
    Well I would say that that when you’re dealing with according to equity or an equitable court, it’s there to make division so that both parties are at least have some kind of, equity or are equitable when leaving. Whereas with the legal court it’s, yes, we’re finding for the plaintiff, now that means there are damages that the defendant owes or the plaintiff was completely wrong  and no damages.

    Jim Cushing:
    Yeah. I’m not saying…I do make legal arguments, but a lot of it is equitable based and so, and so individual pro se litigants can do that sometimes too. And so, I think that makes family court sort of unique is that judges are sort of forced to try to work with people who just don’t know the law very well, but they know what’s fair. You know, they have feelings of fairness and the judge has tried to address that.

    Anthony Verna:
    So, to try to wrap a neat bow onto this, when a client comes to you and you’re talking about custody, you’re talking about support. Is the client going to be prepared for the judge to use his or her strong arm to get the parties to keep talking?

    Jim Cushing:
    Well, in my approach is, and maybe this is, I mean, this is just me. I assume it’s okay. I tell people, listen, like I said a minute ago, there are always exceptions to the rule, obviously, but I say to most of my clients, listen, dad or mom, they’re gonna have custody of your kids, or this person is going to receive support from you or you’re going to have to split your property and this approximate portion. So, you know, that’s the legal reality when you walk into the courtroom. So, if you have anticipation of walking in saying, you know, dad should never see his kid again, you’re going to have to provide a really good reason and you don’t have that. So, let’s try to view with reality. And so, and the judge is not going to put up with that,
    so you might as well come to the courthouse with, a reasonable expectation of what your case is going to wind up with. Cause it’s not like civil court where if you can’t settle, you go you go for the moon and you get whatever is before that and in family court, it is what it is. Your dad’s gonna see his kids and you’re going to have to give 50% of your stuff up. So, it’s up to you or in this judge to do it. I’d rather it be me.

    Anthony Verna
    Understood. Jim, tell everybody how to find you.

    Jim Cushing:
    Thanks, Anthony. You can find me at  FayeRevaCohen.com which is a F a Y. E. Yes, F as in Frank, A, Y E  R I V as in Victor, A Cohen, COH, E. N. Fayerivacohen.com. I am at a 20 47 Locust Street in Philadelphia and you can reach me by telephone at (215) 563-7776 or by email at [email protected].
    Anthony Verna:
    Jim, thank you for this half hour of kibitzing war stories and comparing and contrasting.

    Jim Cushing:
    Thanks, Anthony. I really appreciate it. Always happy to come back.

    Anthony Verna:
     Hey, not a problem. We’ll do it again soon. We won’t make it such a long break.

    Jim Cushing:
    Great.

    37 min
  • Video Blog 16: Good Judges Look for Settlements in Intellectual Property Litigation

    Here at Verna Law, we have cases in several districts, in
    the federal courts.



    * Southern District of New York* Northern District of New York* District of New Jersey; and * the Central District of California.



    One of the defining aspects of different districts in
    federal court is how, especially in intellectual property, the judges tried to
    settle cases.



    For example, in the Northern district of New York, the
    magistrate actually has said to us in this particular case, “We have other
    magistrate judges who have lots of intellectual property experience,” and - let
    me tell you that, to my ears - that's music. Because a lot of judges don't have
    intellectual property experience.



    In the Northern District of New York, this particular
    magistrate judge said, “Why don't we refer this particular case to one of the
    judges who actually has intellectual property experience in order to help the
    parties settle the case?”



    Fantastic. Because a lot of times, especially here in the
    Southern District of New York, while there are rules to allow judges to force
    the parties to settle, quite often the judges say, “If the parties aren't
    looking to talk right now and aren't looking to settle the case, even though
    there might be something small, for example, a spelling difference in a
    trademark, or maybe one party doesn't actually have evidence of consumer
    confusion, well, these are cases that should be able to settle.”

    But here's a situation where a judge took control of the case, was able to say,
    “Here's somebody who's an expert in this particular area. And if the parties
    agree to go to that particular judge, we can go to that particular judge for a
    settlement conference.”



    I look forward to settling that particular case with the
    expertise of a judge who has the same experiences that I do in intellectual
    property, especially trademark and copyright infringement cases.



    Again, Anthony Verna, Verna Law, we focus on intellectual
    property: patents, trademarks, copyrights, and advertising law. Thank you.
    0 min
  • Video Blog 15: An introduction to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act

    The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA) was passed by the United States Congress in 1991 and signed into law by President George H. W. Bush as Public Law 102-243. It amended the Communications Act of 1934. The TCPA is codified as 47 U.S.C. § 227. The TCPA restricts telephone solicitations (i.e., telemarketing) and the use of automated telephone equipment. The TCPA limits the use of automatic dialing systems, artificial or prerecorded voice messages, SMS text messages, and fax machines. It also specifies several technical requirements for fax machines, autodialers, and voice messaging systems—principally with provisions requiring identification and contact information of the entity using the device to be contained in the message.



    Consumer consent is an essential defense under the TCPA and should be a primary focus of any business that communicates with consumers and customers directly via telephony.



    You should consult with your legal counsel to ensure that your opt-out process is compliant with applicable law and consistent with industry standards.



    Here is a lightly-edited transcript of the video blog:



    In the video blogs, we've covered all sorts of intellectual
    property topics.



    One topic we haven't really covered: Advertising law.



    It's a lot of alphabet soup: States, federal regulations.



    Let's talk a little bit about the Telephone Consumer Protection
    Act. The TCPA – see, alphabet soup  - of
    1991 has been amended many times since Congress passed it. It's all about
    telemarketing.



    The TCPA does not qualify if somebody by hand dials your
    phone. For all of you out there that are doing telemarketing, the TCPA applies
    if a computer is dialing, which of course 99.9% of telemarketing is done by
    computers today.



    The TCPA also sets hours and it's the time zone of, of
    course, the person receiving the phone call, 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM are absolutely
    legal marketing time, not before and not after that. Also, if you're calling
    the cell phone, guess what, you can't call a cell phone for marketing.

    I know we all get, telemarketing calls on our cell phones. That's also not
    allowed under the TCPA.



    I recently had a client who was doing telemarketing called
    some people on the West coast outside of the hours and now is being sued for
    violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act. It's, a frustrating and
    long process to deal with litigation when only a couple phone calls are outside
    of those legal ranges.



    But from a compliance standpoint, it's really not a
    difficult compliance to follow.



    Make sure that your telemarketing company is dialing within
    the hours. Make sure that none of those calls are cell phones and make sure
    that, that, that your telemarketing company is following all of these procedures
    and make sure that if there's a problem, they're the ones with the problem
    under the contract with your telemarketing company.



    The TCPA has violations for $500 per phone call that is
    outside of any of these ranges.



    Again, the Do Not Call List is a part of that as well. So
    set that up properly.



    Don't be a defendant in a TCPA violation lawsuit. Don't wind
    up in regulatory issues. Follow these completely.
    0 min
  • Video Blog 14: Celebrities with Trademarks do not Have Superior Rights than You

    Recently, I've had a lot of people send me emails. They're
    asking about celebrities and trademarks.



    Why? Well, Tom Brady filed for something called TOM TERRIFIC,
    although I think that nobody calls him that. And, recently, LeBron James filed
    for TACO TUESDAY in marketing, advertising and podcast services.  Of course, the Obamas have their production
    company called HIGHER GROUND Productions and they're actually fighting to get
    somebody else's trademark canceled in order to register their particular
    trademark.



    Frankly, all of this is really typical.



    A lot of people who have written me emails are very
    concerned about these particular phrases coming off of the public domain. Well,
    yes, but that's the point of trademark law. 




    We pluck these phrases from out of the public domain and
    well for very specific uses. There's a specific reason for the use of these
    phrases and the use of, well, TOM TERRIFIC, even though I don't think he will get
    that - or TACO TUESDAY.

    TACO TUESDAY for marketing and advertising services or a fight between a former
    president and another enterprise company for the phrase , HIGHER GROUND: none
    of that phases me. All of that sounds like Wednesday. 



    That's really the essence of a trademark law practice:  we're plucking phrases out of the public
    domain for a very specific use and only for a very specific use; one that is
    defined in the trademark registration and then one that can be argued over and
    can be fought over and may be blocked.



    Just because of celebrity is doing it doesn't necessarily
    mean that there's any limitation on language because that celebrity doesn't
    have superior rights to anybody else who is not a celebrity.



    This is why I encourage all of my clients from the very
    beginning to do a thorough search of trademarks to understand that trademark
    use and trademark registration go hand in hand and to understand that in order
    to maintain your registration, what that use needs to look like.



    Therefore, all of your rights, if you're not a celebrity,
    are exactly equal to those celebrities who are filing. And don't worry, Tom
    Brady's not going to get that trademark. His rights are inferior to some
    others. I'm Anthony Verna, Managing Partner of Verna Law, P.C. where we focus
    on intellectual property, patent, trademark, copyright, trade dress, domain
    names and advertising law.



    Thanks very much for listening.



    Anthony Verna Video Blog 14: Celebrities with Trademarks do not Have Superior Rights than You
    0 min
  • Video Blog 13: YouTube’s Copyright Reporting: Weaponized?

    Many people have had conversations with me about YouTube's copyright infringement reporting system. I've seen online discussions on Reddit, also, about the system.



    Bottom line: If you have any videos wrongly removed for infringement, appeal. But have a professional help you appeal.



    Here is a lightly-edited transcript of the video blog:



    YouTube has a copyright problem.



    Now, when I say that, most people think, “Well, sure there's
    lots of infringing material on YouTube, right?”



    That's not quite what I mean though. Lately, copyright take-down
    notices are being weaponized.



    How?



    A lot of big YouTubers are complaining about smaller YouTube
    competitors and those particular videos are then being taken down. It's really
    weird, but in a way it's a bit of an antitrust violation as somebody bigger is
    stepping on the smaller competition using copyright law to do it.



    A lot of YouTube content creators are complaining that these
    take down notices are not correct; that the material is either a not infringing
    or fair use or the complaints just don't relate at all to either original
    material from the complaining party or from the video that's being taken down.



    So, when I say that YouTube has a copyright problem, I mean
    there's a problem with the entire system of complaining about copyright
    infringement on YouTube.

    I'm not sure that I have a solution for Youtube, but for anybody whose material
    is being taken down and maybe not being taken down fairly, there is an appeal
    process.



    That process takes time. That process is not really fair to
    those who are not actually infringing somebody else's copyright with their own YouTube
    videos.



    That appeals process is not necessarily fair to those who
    are monetizing and then get stomped by somebody bigger. But if there is a
    problem, that's where somebody like Verna Law does come in handy.



    We can properly set up the appeals process: explain why the
    video is not infringing.



    We can set up in the appeals process why the video might be
    fair use.



    We could set up in the appeals process why there is a not
    original content in a certain video.



    So let us help you.



    Let us help those creators who are finding themselves being
    stamped on because having those actual arguments, having the cases that show YouTube
    what's infringement or what's fair use, those are all of the types of defenses
    that a YouTube creator needs to stop the stomping.



    I'm Anthony Verna, Managing Partner. Verna Law will help you
    with YouTube copyright complaints.
    0 min
  • Verna Law Video Blog 12: Intent to Use Trademark Applications: Business Plans Needed

    Intent-to-use trademark applications.



    An intent-to-use trademark application requires some other
    evidence, if it is challenged in court, to show that the applicant has a bona
    fide intent to use the mark in commerce.



    Why?



    “Because a bona fide intent to use the mark in commerce is a
    statutory requirement of a valid intent-to-use trademark application under
    Section 1(b), the lack of such intent is a basis on which an opposer may
    challenge an applicant's mark.” M.Z. Berger & Co. v. Swatch AG, 787 F.3d
    1368, 114 USPQ2d 1892, 1898 (Fed. Cir. 2015). Applicant's intent must be
    "firm," “demonstrable” with "objective evidence of intent"
    and "more than a mere subjective belief.” Id. at 1897-1898; Swiss
    Grill Ltd. v. Wolf Steel Ltd., 115 USPQ2d 2001, 2008 (TTAB 2015).



    The court make an objective determination whether Applicant
    had a bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce at the time of filing her
    application, and, in doing so, consider the totality of the circumstances. See
    M.Z. Berger & Co., 114 USPQ2d at 1898; Swiss Grill Ltd., 115 USPQ2d at
    2008. Opposer bears "the initial burden of demonstrating by a
    preponderance of the evidence that applicant lacked a bona fide intent to use
    the mark on the identified” services. Boston Red Sox Baseball Club LP v.
    Sherman, 88 USPQ2d 1581, 1587 (TTAB 2008). Opposer may meet this burden by
    establishing that there is an "absence of any documentary evidence on the
    part of [Applicant] regarding such intent." Commodore Electronics Ltd. v.
    CMB Kabushiki Kaisha, 26 USPQ2d 1503, 1507 (TTAB 1993).



    If Opposer meets its burden, Applicant may "elect to
    try to rebut the opposer[‘s] prima facie case by offering additional evidence
    concerning the factual circumstances bearing upon [her] intent to use [her]
    mark in commerce." Commodore Electronics Ltd., 26 USPQ2d at 1507
    n.11. However, Applicant's "mere statement of subjective intention,
    without more, would be insufficient to establish applicant's bona fide
    intention to use the mark in commerce." Lane Ltd. v. Jackson Int’l
    Trading Co., 33 USPQ2d 1351, 1355 (TTAB 1994).



    Here is a lightly-edited transcript of the video:



    Most of my clients who come to me for a trademark
    application are not using the trademark yet. It's a good idea of course, to
    start at the very beginning with what we call an intent-to-use trademark
    application.



    That trademark not being in use will not register with the Patent
    and Trademark Office, if it passes muster, until it is in use in commerce. But,
    while products are being developed, while finalizations are being made, prototypes
    are being created.



    A lot of companies want to make sure that that trademark is,
    is at least reserved in the Patent and Trademark Office if the mark is not
    registered yet.



    There could be a little snag along the way that a lot of
    businesses don't really think of and that is if an intent-to-use trademark
    application is challenged by a third party during the review process.

    If that mark is not in use yet and there are no business plans, then that mark
    could actually not really be considered an intent-to-use application.



    In other words, the trademark applicant must have what we
    call a bona fide intent to use the trademark in commerce or else it's not
    really considered an application under the statutory requirements. If a third
    party is challenging a mark, we need to make sure that we've got a little bit
    more than just that trademark application.
    0 min
  • Video Blog 11: Copyright Infringement Lawsuit for Downloading Porn Online?

    Here is a lightly-edited transcript of the video:



    Recently, Verna Law, P.C. sign a new client who was sued for copyright infringement.  Verna Law, P.C. has had about four cases in the last year that look exactly the same as this particular case.



    What do they all have in common?



    One, they all received a subpoena notice from their Internet
    service provider.



    Two, they were downloading material that they shouldn't have
    and that's what the copyright infringement is.



    Three, what they were downloading was pornography.



    I've developed a bit of a strategy to handle cases like this.  What all clients have in common when they're
    defendants in a copyright infringement suit in which the copyright owner sends a
    subpoena notice to the ISP is that, of course, nobody wants to be identified as
    the defendant in a lawsuit like this in federal court.



    A lawsuit like this requires a plaintiff to file against a John
    Doe defendant with an IP address.

    Well, for people who have downloaded porn, it's sensitive and those defendants don't
    want to be identified publicly in court.



    Step number one for all of my new clients is keeping identities
    anonymous and as John Doe. This includes contacting opposing counsel and stating
    the client wishes to remain a John Due and that we're going to settle this case
    quietly. I, then, make my appearance in the case, and then we sign a
    stipulation between the parties that states that the defendant can remain a
    John Doe. And then we talk about what the damages are for the infringement.



    We try to keep everything quiet.



    We try to keep the defendants anonymous and that this way,
    especially if that person is a professional, that professional will never be
    linked to this particular lawsuit because, of course, then we'll agree between
    the parties to keep the settlement confidential.



    It's a case where copyright law intersects with, I hope, a lot of practicality, and that's kind of my strategy for handling these particular cases. Keep it anonymous, keep the settlement confidential. And then this way, that linkage will never actually be made.



    Here is a list of recent cases filed for copyright infringement (for downloading pornography):



    Most of these cases follow the same pattern. The defendant is a John Doe at a subscriber IP address.



    Cases Filed in the Michigan Eastern District Court (16) in 2017:MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP ) Address 107.4.109.143 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10426) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP ) Address 107.4.109.143 (Case No. 5:17-cv-10426) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.32.2.28 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10432) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.49.201.228 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10442) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.49.243.199 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10443) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.49.243.199 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10445) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.55.89.28 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10444) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.55.89.28 (Case No. 4:17-cv-10444) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.56.223.52 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10446) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.56.223.52 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10447) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v. JOHN DOE subscriber assigned IP Address 68.60.174.21 (Case No. 2:17-cv-10448) MALIBU MEDIA, LCC v.
    0 min

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