In  his treatise of 9 books, Herodotus described many peoples, countries, and events of the 5th century BC. He titled his work "History", which gave the name to a scholarly discipline.  

After the first world war, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and the Middle East emerged anew. What was the role of secular Arab nationalism in it?

Born as a reaction to the Enlightenment, German Romanticism embraced many of its ideas.

Catherine the Great was German and she came up with the Greek project for Russia.

It happened when Russia won the war against Sweden, one of the most powerful European state, and became part of European geopolitical balance. 

Jesuits cast their missionary net far and wide. They aimed for China. 

Francisco Goya was Spain's road to modernity.