Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Podcast

Date: November 20, 2024 Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Title and Show Info Episode #14: Harriet E. Wilson: A Life Unwritten Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller). Summary In this episode, we dive into the turbulent life of Harriet E. Wilson—"Hattie"—a woman whose indomitable spirit defied the odds to become the first African American to publish a novel in North America. Born a free person of color in New Hampshire in March 1825, Hattie's story is both heartbreaking and uplifting: orphaned young, bound into indentured servitude, and later abandoned by her husband, she faced countless challenges. Yet, it was her incredible resilience and ambition that propelled her forward, eventually inspiring Our Nig, her largely autobiographical novel that exposed the harsh realities of racial and class discrimination in the North. Hattie's journey didn't end there. After the tragic loss of her son, she immersed herself in the Spiritualist movement of the time, becoming a beloved trance medium, healer, and speaker who captivated audiences across New England. Despite her struggles, Hattie found her voice, her community, and her calling—championing causes from labor reform to children's education. Join us as we uncover Hattie's profound legacy: a life marked by triumphs, sorrows, and supernatural beliefs that allowed her to transcend her circumstances. Rediscovered in 1982, Hattie's story continues to resonate, reminding us of the power of courage, creativity, and conviction. This is the tale of Harriet E. Wilson—author, medium, and a voice that could not be silenced.

Highlights: 00:57= INTRO. 01:01= HARRIET E. ADAMS' BIRTH. 01:45= HER FATHER JOSHUA GREEN 01:50= HER MOTHER MARGARET ANN ADAMS. 02:23= HER FATHER PASSES AWAY. 03:03= HARRIET IS SENT LIVE AT THE HAYWARD HOUSEHOLD. 03:10= HER MOTHER PASSES AWAY. 03:33= BECOMES AN INDENTURED SERVANT TO THE HAYWARD HOUSEHOLD. 05:15= ATTENDS SCHOOL. 06:11= TURNS 18 AND LEAVES THE HAYWARD HOUSEHOLD. 06:30= WORKS AS A SEAMSTRESS & HOUSE SERVANT. 06:46= BOARDS WITH LOCAL FAMILIES. 07:16= MEETS THOMAS WILSON. 07:24= THEY MARRY. 07:33= THOMAS ABANDON'S HARRIET. 07:40= ALONE & PREGNANT. 07:46= POEM "FADING AWAY" PRINTED IN THE NEWSPAPER. 06:37= RECEIVES THE YOUNG MAN OF THE YEAR AWARD. 08:03= LIVES AT THE HILLSBOROUGH POOR FARM. 07:49= PROMOTED TO MAJOR. 08:10= GIVES BIRTH TO HER SON, GEORGE MASON WILSON. 08:30= LEAVES GEORGE AT THE POOR FARM. 08:58= WRITES OUR NIG, A NOVEL. 09:43= COPYWRIGHTS OUR NIG. 09:47= PUBLISHES OUR NIG. 10:05= GEORGE PASSES AWAY. 10:27= REFUGE IN THE SPIRITUALIST MOVEMENT. 10:45= COLORED TRANCE MEDIUM. 10:55= SPIRITUALIST CAMP MEETING. 11:15= SPEECHES ON LABOR REFORM AND CHILDREN'S EDUCATION. 11:37= RECOGNIZED AS A HEALER. 12:07= MARRIES JOHN GALLATIN ROBINSON. 12:40= CHILDREN'S PROGRESSIVE LYCEUMS. 13:12= SPEAKS AGAINST THE STATE'S ROLE IN CHILD-REARING. 13:35= RUNS A BOARDING HOUSE. 15:01= CARED FOR AT QUINCY HOSPITAL. 15:14= HARRIET PASSES AWAY. 15:44= BURIED AT MOUNT WOLLASTON CEMETERY. 15:56= REDISCOVERED BY SCHOLAR HENRY LOUIS GATES, JR. 16:22= THE HARRIET WILSON PROJECT COMMISSIONS A STATUE IN 2006. 17:06= APART OF THE BLACK HERITAGE TRAIL IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 17:11= HISTORICAL MARKER UNVEILED. 17:41= CONCLUSION. Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources: Harriet E. Wilson - Wikipedia Harriet E. Wilson African American Author Biography Harriet E. Wilson | First African-American Novelist, 19th Century Novelist, New England Novelist | Britannica Harriet E. Wilson | Freedom's Way National Heritage Area Harriet E. Adams Wilson (ca. 1828-?) • Harriet Wilson, Author born - African American Registry Welcome to the official Harriet Wilson Project Page Harriet E. Wilson Memorial | Freedom's Way National Heritage Area Harriet Wilson: African American Writer Today in Black History: August 18, 1859 "Harriet E. Wilson Copyrights 'Our Nig' " | Idealistic Ambition's Not a Slave, yet not Free: Harriet E. Wilson and the Abolition Movement - Black Heritage Trail NH HARRIET E. WILSON: African American Spiritualist - Spiritual Path Church Harriet Wilson | History of American Women

Date: November 6, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Title and Show Info

Episode #13: The Skyward Legacy of General Daniel "Chappie" James, Jr. Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary Strap in as we launch into the exhilarating life of General Daniel "Chappie" James, Jr., a man who defied gravity and history alike. Born in a time when the odds were stacked sky-high, Daniel soared to become the first African American four-star general, carving a path as bold as the jet engines he loved. In this episode, we'll trace Daniel's journey from humble beginnings in the segregated South to the Tuskegee Airmen, where he sharpened his skills and unflinching courage in the cockpit. But his story is more than flight hours and dogfights. It's a tale of relentless tenacity, patriotism, and humor as sharp as his flying maneuvers. Whether he was diffusing high-stakes Cold War tensions in North Korea or blazing through the skies in combat, Daniel's fearless spirit made history—and rewrote the rules of who could sit at the top. Prepare for an inspiring dive into the mind of a pilot who wasn't just fighting wars but barriers too. With a touch of swagger and a heart as big as his wingspan, General James Jr left behind a legacy that lifts us all, skyward. Join us for a fast-paced, high-altitude journey through a life that proves the sky isn't the limit—it's just the beginning.

Highlights: 01:00= EPILOGUE. 01:05= DANIEL "CHAPPIE" JAMES JR'S BIRTH. 01:48= HIS FATHER DANIEL JAMES SR. 02:00= HIS MOTHER LILLIE ANNA BROWN JAMES. 02:45= GRADUATES HIGH SCHOOL. 02:50= ATTENDS THE TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE. 03:10= ATTENDS THE CIVILIAN PILOT TRAINING PROGRAM. 03:20= MARRIES WIFE DOROTHY WATKINS. 03:29= THE COUPLE HAVE THREE CHILDREN. 03:43= ENLISTS IN THE AVIATION CADET PROGRAM. 04:07= RECEIVES HIS PILOT WINGS AND PROMOTED TO 2ND LIEUTENANT. 04:50= PROMOTED TO 1ST LIEUTENANT. 05:00= FLIGHT LEADER WITH THE 12TH FIGHTER BOMBER SQUADRON. 05:21= JOINS THE 67TH FIGHTER BOMBER SQUADRON. 05:40= AWARDED THE DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS. 05:55= PROMOTED TO CAPTAIN. 06:10= THE BADGE OF TUSKEGEE. 06:37= RECEIVES THE YOUNG MAN OF THE YEAR AWARD. 07:03= SERVES AS DEPUTY COMMANDER OF OPERATIONS FOR THE 81ST TACTICAL FIGHTER WING. 07:49= PROMOTED TO MAJOR. 08:50= PROMOTED TO LIEUTENANT COLONEL. 09:22= PROMOTED TO COLONEL. 10:01= DEPUTY COMMANDER OF OPERATIONS FOR THE 8TH TACTICAL FIGHTER WING. 10:37= NAMED WING VICE COMMANDER. 10:40= BOLO MIG SWEEP MISSION. 11:14= NAMED FLORIDA'S OUTSTANDING AMERICAN OF THE YEAR. 11:33= PROMOTED TO BRIGADIER GENERAL. 11:52= DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 12:25= PROMOTED TO MAJOR GENERAL. 13:20= PROMOTED TO LIEUTENANT GENERAL. 14:23= PROMOTED TO 4-STAR GENERAL. 14:40= COMMANDS NORAD & ADCOM. 15:10= RETIRES FROM THE US AIR FORCE. 15:29= PASSES AWAY. 15:50= LAID TO REST AT ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY 16:05= HIS WIFE DOROTHY IS BURIED BESIDE HIM. 16:11= PENSACOLA DEDICATES A STATE OFFICE BUILDING IN HIS NAME. 16:23= HIS CHILDHOME IS TRANSFORMED INTO THE GENERAL DANIEL CHAPPIE JAMES JR MUSEUM AND FLIGHT ACADEMY. 16:44= PENSACOLA BAY BRIDGE RENAMED IN HIS HONOR 16:55= HIS SON LIEUTENANT GENERAL DANIEL JAMES III. 17:29= CONCLUSION. Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

GENERAL DANIEL JAMES JR. > Air Force > Biography Display

Air Force's Daniel 'Chappie' James Jr. Was 1st Black 4-Star General > U.S. Department of Defense > Story

Black History Month Trailblazer: General Daniel "Chappie" James Jr. > Pacific Air Forces > Article Display

Gen. Daniel "Chappie" James Jr. | City of Pensacola, Florida Official Website

Daniel "Chappie" James Jr. | National Aviation Hall of Fame

ABOUT CHAPPIE | Chappie James Museum

Gen. Chappie James Jr. rose to fame as first Black four-star general

Daniel "Chappie" James Jr. | National Air and Space Museum

Date: October 23, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #12: "Unbought and Unbossed: The Epic Journey of Shirley Chisholm"

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this episode of Unbought and Unbossed: The Epic Journey of Shirley Chisholm, we take you on a thrilling ride through the life of the first African American woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress. Born to immigrant parents in Brooklyn, raised amidst the sun-soaked sugarcane fields of Barbados, Shirley's story is one of grit, courage, and unyielding ambition. From her early years challenging the constraints of society to her groundbreaking 1972 presidential run, Shirley Chisholm shattered ceilings and defied expectations at every turn.

Get ready to witness the power of one woman's determination to change the world. Shirley wasn't just a politician—she was a force of nature. With her signature slogan, "Unbought and Unbossed," she faced down the political machine, inspiring generations of women, people of color, and dreamers to rise up.

This episode is a tribute to her fiery spirit, the battles she fought, and the undeniable legacy she left behind. Tune in to discover how Shirley's fearless voice continues to echo through history, reminding us all that change starts with a bold, determined step.

Highlights:

00:59= INTRO.

01:07= SHIRLEY CHISHOLM'S BIRTH.

01:38= HER FATHER CHARLES ST. HILL.

01:49= HER MOTHER RUBY SEALE ST. HILL.

02:01= OLDEST OF FOUR DAUGHTERS.

02:26= LIVES WITH HER MATERNAL GRANDPARENTS.

04:02= LIVES WITH HER PARENTS.

04:48= GRADUATES FROM GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL.

05:29= GRADUATES FROM BROOKLYN COLLEGE.

06:12= NURSERY SCHOOL TEACHER.

06:30= MASTER'S DEGREE FROM COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

06:50= INVOLVED IN DEMOCRATIC CLUBS.

07:39= ELECTED TO THE NY STATE LEGISLATURE.

08:49= RUNS FOR CONGRESS.

10:51= THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN ELECTED TO CONGRESS.

10:57= SHE TAKES HER OATH.

12:12= ASSIGNED TO THE HOUSE AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE.

12:32= REASSIGNED TO THE VETERANS' AFFAIRS COMMITTEE.

12:50= SERVES SEVEN TERMS IN CONGRESS.

13:05= EXPANDS THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM & HELPS TO CREATE WIC.

13:23= PUBLISHES HER AUTOBIOGRAPHY.

13:50= ANNOUNCES SHE IS RUNNING FOR US PRESIDENCY.

15:55= PUBLISHES HER SECOND BOOK.

16:12= ADVOCACY FOR WORKER'S MINIMUM WAGE.

17:00= RANKED AMONG THE TOP 10 MOST ADMIRED WOMEN IN AMERICA.

17:14= EXPANDS THE FREE/REDUCED LUNCH SCHOOL PROGRAM.

17:46= ACCOLADES.

18:17= FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN & THE SECOND WOMAN IN HISTORY TO SERVE ON THE HOUSE RULES COMMITTEE.

20:41= ANNOUNCES HER RETIREMENT.

21:02= TEACHES & GIVES PUBLIC SPEECHES.

21:13= COFOUNDS THE NATIONAL CONGRESS OF BLACK WOMEN.

21:27= ACCOLADES.

21:58= SHE PASSES AWAY.

22:11= ACCOLADES.

23:07= CONCLUSION.

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

Shirley Chisholm | National Women's History Museum (womenshistory.org)

Shirley Chisholm (November 30, 1924 - January 1, 2005) | National Archives

Shirley Chisholm for President | National Museum of African American History and Culture

CHISHOLM, Shirley Anita | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives

Shirley Chisholm: Unbought and Unbossed | Smithsonian Institution (si.edu)

Shirley A. Chisholm Biography » Women of the CBC » Avoice - Congressional Black Caucus Foundation » African American Voices in Congress (cbcfinc.org)

Bioguide Search (congress.gov)

Shirley Chisholm | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica

Changing the Face of Democracy | Museum of the City of New York (mcny.org)

Nomination for Ambassador to Jamaica | The American Presidency Project (ucsb.edu)

Shirley Chisholm (November 30, 1924 - January 1, 2005) | National Archives

Shirley Chisholm - A Seat at the Table (bringyourownchair.org)

The True Story Behind Netflix's 'Shirley': About Shirley Chisholm (today.com)

Chisholm, Shirley | Women of the Hall

Shirley Chisholm | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica

Shirley A. Chisholm Timeline » Women of the CBC » Avoice - Congressional Black Caucus Foundation » African American Voices in Congress (cbcfinc.org)

Shirley Chisholm | Archives of Women's Political Communication (iastate.edu)

Post of Jamaica Ambassador To Go to Shirley Chisholm - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

Shirley: Shirley Chisholm's Career Timeline from 1953-1993 (elle.com)

Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm: "Unbought and Unbossed" | National Archives Museum

Date: October 9, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #11: William Cuffay: The Forgotten Black Chartist

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In today's episode of The Forgotten Black Chartist, we shine a light on William Cuffay—a man who stood small in height but towered as a revolutionary force. Born to an enslaved Black father and white English mother, Cuffay defied the barriers of race, class, and physical disability to become a leader of the 19th-century Chartist movement. Fighting for universal suffrage and workers' rights, he organized strikes, gave fiery speeches, and stood firm even as the government tried to silence him.

But Cuffay's rebellion didn't end with his exile to Tasmania—he continued to push for justice from across the globe. So why does history barely remember him? Join us as we uncover the untold story of William Cuffay, the forgotten Black Chartist who helped pave the way for modern democracy. This is history with heart, courage, and a touch of rebellion—don't miss it!

Highlights:

00:56= EPILOGUE

01:58= INTRO

02:07= WILLIAM CUFFAY'S BIRTH.

02:09= HIS FATHER CHATHAM CUFFAY.

02:19= HIS MOTHER JULIANA FOX.

02:43= BORN WITH DEFORMITIES.

03:11= ONE OF FIVE CHILDREN.

03:56= MOVES TO LONDON.

04:56= MARRIES ANN MARSHALL.

05:19= MARRIES ANN BROOMHEAD AND HAS A CHILD.

05:26= HIS WIFE AND CHILD PASS AWAY.

05:41= MARRIES MARY ANN MANVELL.

06:45= JOINS THE LABOR STRIKE.

07:23= CHAIR OF THE METROPOLITAN TAILORS' CHARTER ASSOCIATION.

08:11= THE PETITION.

09:32= LAND REFORM.

09:57= ORGANIZES 3RD PETITION.

10:01= LAMBETH GATHERING SPEECH.

11:51= SECRETARY OF THE ASSOCIATION AND PLANS AN UPRISING.

12:06= POLICE RAID THE MEETING PLACE.

12:28= ARRESTED.

12:48= STANDS TRIAL FOR FELONY TREASON.

13:19= SENTENCED BY THE JUDGE.

13:36= SAILS TO THE PENAL COLONY.

13:58= GRANTED A TICKET OF LEAVE.

14:12= MARY ANN JOINS HIM.

14:29= PARDONED.

14:40= SUPPORTS AN ALLY'S NOMINATION.

15:01= MARY ANN PASSES AWAY.

15:24= WILLIAM CUFFAY PASSES AWAY.

15:33= CONCLUSION.

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

BBC - History - William Cuffay

Portrait of William Cuffay - Age of Revolution

William Cuffay, Black Chartism and a treasured object - People's History Museum: The national museum of democracy (phm.org.uk)

William Cuffay, 1788 – 1870 - chartist ancestors

William Cuffay based on a drawing by William Paul Dowling - National Portrait Gallery (npg.org.uk)

William Cuffey – The National Archives

Honor William Cuffay: The Chartists' Forgotten Black Leader (jacobin.com)

The Story of William Cuffay, Black Chartist | libcom.org

William Cuffay - Wikipedia

Date: September 25, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #10: Mahalia Jackson: The Queen of Gospel

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

Get ready to be uplifted by the soaring voice that changed gospel music forever. In this episode, we celebrate National Gospel Music Heritage Month, as we journey through the remarkable life of Mahalia Jackson, a New Orleans-born powerhouse who transformed spirituals into a global sensation. From her humble beginnings in a three-room shotgun home packed with family members and a dog, to taking the world's greatest stages by storm, Mahalia's story is as inspiring as her voice.

Feel the rhythm of the streets of New Orleans, where jazz and blues echoed—but Mahalia's heart beat for something divine. Follow her move to Chicago, where her path crossed with Thomas A. Dorsey, the Father of Gospel Music, sparking a musical revolution. We'll explore how her career catapulted with the hit "Move On Up a Little Higher" and how she broke barriers at Carnegie Hall.

But Mahalia wasn't just a voice—she was a force for change. We'll reveal her powerful role in the Civil Rights Movement, singing beside Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and giving voice to a generation's fight for equality.

With humor, heart, and a voice from the heavens, Mahalia Jackson didn't just sing gospel—she lived it. Tune in for a stirring episode about a woman whose voice shook the world.

Highlights:

01:06= INTRO

01:11= MAHALA JACKSON'S BIRTH IN NEW ORLEANS, LA.

02:37= HER FATHER JOHNNY JACKSON.

02:57= HER MOTHER CHARITY CLARK.

03:08= HER MOTHER'S DEATH.

03:24= RAISED BY HER AUNT MAHALA "DUKE" PAUL.

04:05= JOINS THE CHILDREN'S CHOIR.

04:47= MOVES TO CHICAGO WITH HER AUNTS.

05:49= ADDS AN "I" TO HER FIRST NAME. "MAHALIA JACKSON".

06:03= MEETS THOMAS A. DORSEY, "THE FATHER OF GOSPEL MUSIC".

06:46= TOGETHER THEY TOUR ACROSS THE COUNTRY.

07:23= BECOMES AN ENTREPRENUER.

07:36= MARRIES ISAAC HOCKENHULL.

08:13= THE COUPLE DIVORCE.

08:30= MOVE ON UP A LITTLE HIGHER.

09:42= RECORDS A STRING OF GOSPEL HITS.

10:20= NATIONAL TREASURE.

10:36= PERFORMS REGULARLY ON TELEVISION SHOWS.

10:51= 1ST GOSPEL SINGER TO PERFORM AT CARNEIGE HALL.

11:34= EUROPEAN CONCERT TOUR.

12:13= HOST A SUNDAY NIGHT RADIO SHOW ON CBS.

12:24= DEBUTS THE ED SULLIVAN SHOW.

12:42= PURCHASES A HOME IN CHATAM, IL.

12:57= PERFORMS WITH DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS BAND.

13:07= RELEASES AN ALBUM WITH DUKE ELLINGTON AND HIS BAND.

13:14= APPEARS IN VARIOUS FILMS.

13:35= BECOMES INVOLVED WITH THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

13:49= JOINS THE PRAYER PILGRIMAGE FOR FREEDOM.

14:37= SINGS AT JOHN F. KENNEDY'S PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATON.

14:43= WINS A GRAMMY FOR BEST GOSPEL RECORDING.

14:55= PERFORMS AT THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON FOR JOBS AND FREEDOM.

15:28= PUBLISHES AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY, "MOVIN' ON UP"

15:25= SINGS AT MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR'S FUNERAL.

16:09= CAREER CONTINUES TO FLOURISH.

16:27= FINAL CONCERT IN MUNICH, GERMANY.

16:39= HONORARY DEGREE AS A DOCTOR OF MUSIC FROM MARYMOUNT COLLEGE.

17:02= MAHALIA JACKSON PASSES AWAY.

17:18= FUNERALS HELD IN BOTH CHICAGO & NEW ORLEANS.

17:31= STARS ARE AMONG THE MILLIONS OF MOURNERS.

17:39= ARETHA FRANKLIN SINGS "PRECIOUS LORD, TAKE MY HAND" AT MAHALIA JACKSON'S FUNERAL.

17:47= LAID TO REST IN NEW ORLEANS, LA.

17:57= HER $1 MILLION ESTATE.

18:27= ACCOLADES.

18:32= GOSPEL MUSIC HALL OF FAME.

18:49= ROCK AND ROLL MUSIC HALL OF FAME.

18:58= USPS HONORS HER WITH A COMMERATIVE 32 CENT POSTAGE STAMP.

19:07= 1ST GOSPEL ARTIST TO RECEIVE A STAR ON THE HOLLYWOOD WALK OF FAME.

19:23= FILMS MADE IN HER HONOR SINCE HER DEATH.

19:45= CONCLUSION.

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

Mahalia Jackson - Wikipedia

Mahalia Jackson - Songs, Death & Civil Rights (biography.com)

Mahalia Jackson | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (rockhall.com)

Mahalia Jackson: Gospel Takes Flight | National Museum of African American History and Culture (si.edu)

Jackson, Mahalia | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute (stanford.edu)

"High Priestess" or "Master of an Art of Singing"? Changing the Conversation about Mahalia Jackson | WFMT

Mahalia Jackson - 64 Parishes

Providence Park Cemetery, Mahalia Jackson's Gravesite | Explore Louisiana

MISS JACKSON LEFT $1 ‐MILLION ESTATE - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

Mahalia Jackson (gospelmusichalloffame.org)

Mahalia Jackson | Malaco Records

25 Facts About Gospel Trailblazer Mahalia Jackson - The Network Journal (tnj.com)

Date: September 11, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #9: "The Science of Sweetness: How Norbert Rillieux Transformed the Sugar Industry"

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this thrilling episode, we journey into the life of Norbert Rillieux, the unsung genius who revolutionized sugar refining and forever changed the world of industrial evaporation. Born in New Orleans in 1806, this "quadroon libre" defied the odds, blending his lineage of French aristocracy and free Black heritage to become one of history's most important inventors.

Norbert's journey takes him from the vibrant streets of New Orleans to the esteemed École Centrale in Paris, where his brilliance in engineering and mechanics began to shine. But it's his return to Louisiana that sets the stage for a sugar industry breakthrough. Discover how Norbert's invention—the multiple-effect evaporator under vacuum—not only transformed sugar from a luxury to a daily staple but also safeguarded the lives of countless workers.

Tune in to explore the intricate relationships, rivalries, and innovations that marked Rillieux's life. We'll uncover how his patented invention earned him worldwide recognition and wealth, and why his legacy continues to sweeten our lives today. From sugarcane to sugar beets, from New Orleans to Paris, this episode celebrates the remarkable story of Norbert Rillieux—a name you'll never forget after this tale of innovation, resilience, and legacy.

Highlights:

01:10= INTRO

01:29= NORBERT RILLIEUX'S BIRTH IN NEW ORLEANS, LA.

01:41= FREE PERSON OF COLOR.

01:48= HIS FATHER VINCENT RILLIEUX.

01:55= HIS MOTHER CONSTANCE VIVANT.

03:09= HIS SIBLINGS.

04:09= STUDENT AT ECOLE CENTRALE IN PARIS.

04:44= INSTRUCTOR AT ECOLE CENTRALE IN PARIS.

05:25= REFINING SUGAR INTO CRYSTALLIZED GRANULES.

06:55= RETURNS TO NEW ORLEANS, LA

07:50= MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR UNDER VACUUM.

07:57= US PATENT FOR HIS INVENTION.

08:36= THE SUGAR TRAIN.

09:42= MRYTLE GROVE PLANTATION INSTALLATION.

09:45= BELLE CHASSE PLANTATION INSTALLATION.

10:05= MERRICK & TOWNE IN PHILADELPHIA OFFERS 3 DIFFERENT INVENTION SYSTEMS.

10:47= INVENTION ADOPTED IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

11:01= INVENTION IS USED IN PRODUCTION OF OTHER GOODS.

11:48= RETURNS TO PARIS, FRANCE.

12:25= LEARNS EGYPTOLOGY.

13:03= SUGAR BEETS SUGAR REFINING.

13:03= INVENTOR USED FOR SUGAR BEETS IN OTHER COUNTRIES.

13:49= LOSES HIS PATENT.

13:59= NORBERT RILLIEUX PASSES AWAY.

14:08= BURIED IN PARIS CEMETERY.

14:21= WIFE, EMILY CUCKOW PASSES AWAY.

14:45= ACCOLADES.

19:17= CONCLUSION.

odcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

Norbert Rillieux - American Chemical Society (acs.org)

Norbert Rillieux - Wikipedia

NIHF Inductee Robert Rillieux Invented Refining Sugar

NIHF Inductee Robert Rillieux Invented Refining Sugar

The free man of color whose invention revolutionized the sugar industry | The Historic New Orleans Collection (hnoc.org)

Norbert Rillieux - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

Black History – Norbert Rillieux (chefsville.org)

Norbert Rillieux: African American Inventor (myblackhistory.net) (revisit before creating essay) ***

Norbert Rillieux | The Engines of Our Ingenuity (uh.edu)

How Sweet it Is … Norbert Rillieux, Sugar Savant (entergynewsroom.com)

Norbert Rillieux (1806-1894) • (blackpast.org)

Norbert Rillieux, Engineer, and Inventor born - African American Registry (aaregistry.org)

Happy Birthday, Norbert Rillieux | COMSOL Blog

Norbert Rillieux - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

Black Inventor Named to Hall of Fame | Diverse: Issues In Higher Education (diverseeducation.com)

Date: August 28, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #8. "The Dough of Destiny: The Life and Legacy of Judy W. Reed"

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this compelling episode of The Dough of Destiny, we travel back to the 19th century to meet the extraordinary Judy W. Reed, a woman who kneaded more than just dough—she kneaded her way into history. Born in 1826, Judy broke barriers and defied odds to become the first African American woman ever to receive a Unites States patent.

Her invention? A revolutionary Dough Kneader and Roller, patented in September 1884, that changed the way bread was made across America. But who was Judy beyond her invention? We follow her courageous journey to her move from Virginia to Washington, D.C.

Despite the challenges of her time, Judy's story is one of resilience and quiet brilliance. Yet, like many innovators, her legacy almost faded into obscurity after her passing in 1905.

Join us as we uncover the story of this unsung hero who became a pioneer in a world that often refused to acknowledge her worth. Judy W. Reed's story is more than just history—it's a testament to the power of persistence and innovation. Don't miss this compelling episode that will leave you hungry for more!

Highlights:

01:00= EPILOGUE

01:26= INTRO

01:33= JUDY'S BIRTH.

05:12= END OF THE CIVIL WAR.

05:53= WASHINGTON, D.C.

07:17= BEGINS TO BAKE.

10:23= DOUGH KNEADER AND ROLLER INVENTION.

12:13= DOUGH KNEADER AND ROLLER INVENTION PATENT REQUEST.

13:03= PATENT APPROVED.

13:13= 1ST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN TO RECEIVE A US PATENT.

13:21= US PATENT#.

16:44= JUDY'S DEATH.

18:30= CONCLUSION.

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

Judy W. Reed (ca. 1826-?) • (blackpast.org)

Judy Reed - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

Judy W. Reed, Inventor born - African American Registry (aaregistry.org)

Judy Reed the first black woman to receive a US patent | Viva (vocal.media)

Judy W. Reed - Wikipedia

Thomas Jennings & Judy Reed - Black Innovators (housefulofnicholes.com)

Judy W. Reed – First African American woman to receive patent – African American History Month 2015 #BlackHistoryMonth « Adafruit Industries – Makers, hackers, artists, designers and engineers!

Date: August 14, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #7. "The First to Jump: The Story of Walter Morris and the 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion"

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

Step back into the 1920s, where the story of a boy born in Waynesboro, Georgia, will eventually become the tale of a trailblazer who redefines courage and determination. This is the story of Walter Morris, a young man raised during the unforgiving years of the Great Depression, surrounded by a loving family that instills in him the values of diligence, perseverance, and unyielding loyalty.

In our thrilling episode of "The First to Jump," we dive deep into Walter's early life, exploring the challenges and triumphs that shapes the man who will go on to lead the first all-African American paratrooper unit, the 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion—better known as the Triple Nickles.

Picture this: It's the 1930s, and Walter is a teenager taking on responsibilities that most boys his age can't even imagine, all while apprenticing under his father, a skilled bricklayer. But as the economy crumbles, even the most skilled workers find themselves struggling. Young Walter is forced to face the harsh realities of a world that seems stacked against him.

As we trace Walter's journey, you'll hear about his decision to join the United States Army in January 1941. With the world engulfed in war, the Army represents a way out, a chance to escape societal limitations and prove himself. But what follows is a story of grit and resilience as Walter encounters the stark realities of a segregated Army, where African American soldiers are relegated to menial tasks far from the front lines.

In this episode, we'll explore Walter's early military days, marked by rigorous training and the heartbreak of being "washed out" just before completing Infantry Officer Candidate School. But instead of giving up, Walter makes a bold choice that changes everything: he joins the Service Company of Parachute School, where he starts to reshape his destiny.

Get ready to be inspired as we tell the story of a man who refused to accept the status quo, who dared to envision a different future for himself and his fellow soldiers. With wit, tenacity, and a burning desire to make a difference, Walter Morris begins a journey that will not only change his life but also pave the way for generations of African American soldiers to come.

Join us as we embark on this exciting adventure into the life of Walter Morris, the first African American to become airborne in the United States Army, as well the 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion, the first all-African American US Army airborne Battalion. An entire battalion of men who would not be defined by the limits of their time, but by the limitless possibilities they created for their future. This is "The First to Jump," where history meets heroism, and where one company's story becomes a legacy for us all.

Highlights:

01:00= INTRO

01:13= WALTER MORRIS' BIRTH.

02:23= JOINS THE US ARMY.

03:07= US ARMY IS SEGREGATED.

03:20= "WASHED OUT" OF INFANTRY OFFICER CANDIDATE SCHOOL.

03:57= PARACHUTE SCHOOL.

04:52= PRISONERS OF WAR.

05:25= DRAFTS A PLAN.

05:37= PRESENTS THE PLAN.

05:48= RESTRUCTURES THE COMPANY.

05:54= FIRST SERGEANT.

07:53= ACTIVATION OF THE 555TH PARACHUTE INFANTRY COMPANY. AN ALL-AFRICAN AMERICAN UNIT.

08:26= AIRBORNE SCHOOL.

08:58= 4- 1 WEEK PHASES.

10:14= 5 QUALIFYING JUMPS. EARNING THE JUMP WINGS.

10:44= FIRST SERGEANT & FIRST OFFICER BRADLEY BIGGS.

11:30= GRADUATION CEREMONIES BEGIN.

12:32= 555th REQUESTS VOLUNTEERS.

12:52= BECOME A BATTALION.

12:58= NICKNAMED THE TRIPLE NICKLES.

13:28= WALTER BECOMES A 2ND LIEUTENANT.

13:59= MARRIES.

14:54= MISSION TO FIGHT FOREST FIRES.

15:06= PENDLETON, OREGON.

15:24= FOREST FIRES TRAINING.

15:59= BOMB TRAINING.

16:30= PARACHUTE TRAINING.

17:15= ONLY ONE DEATH.

17:24= "SMOKEJUMPERS".

17:51= SMOKEJUMPERS' FOREST FIRE.

18:31= OPERATION FIREFLY.

18:31= REQUEST COMBAT DUTY IN THE KOREAN WAR.

19:48= 555TH NYC VICTORY PARADE.

20:05= HONORABLY DISCHARGED FROM THE US ARMY.

20:16= BRICKLAYER.

20:30= TRIPLE NICKLES DEACTIVATED.

20:56= 1100 JUMPS & 30 FIRES.

21:09= EXECUTIVE ORDER 9981.

21:49= WALTER'S ACCOLADES.

22:20= WIFE DIES.

22:29= REMARRIES.

22:35= OFFICIALLY RETIRES.

22:43= WALTER COFOUNDS THE AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURAL ASSOCIATION IN PALM COAST, FL.

22:55= TAMPA-BASED 555TH PARACHUTE INFANTRY ASSOCIATION MEMBER.

23:10= WALTER PASSES AWAY.

23:45= WALTER'S GRANDSON GRADUATES FROM PARATROOPER SCHOOL.

24:04= MUSEUM EXHIBITS.

24:50= CONCLUSION.

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

Walter Morris Collection | Library of Congress (loc.gov)

Walter Morris (triplenickle.com)

Walter Morris and the "Triple Nickles" Jump into History - Picturing Black History

Highlighting the legacy of the U.S. Army's first all-Black World War II paratrooper unit | WUNC

America's First African-American Paratrooper Unit (thedropzone.org)

Trailblazing paratrooper broke color barrier in secret - CNN.com

How Black Smokejumpers Helped Save The American West : NPR History Dept. : NPR

Monument, Circle of Firsts honor black Soldiers | Article | The United States Army

Walter Morris, original member of all-black 555th Army Parachute Battalion, dies at 92 - The Washington Post

Walter Morris, Paratrooper born - African American Registry (aaregistry.org)

National Museum of the United States Army (thenmusa.org)

Date: July 31, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #6. "Valor Unveiled: The Heroic Legacies of William Henry Thompson and Cornelius H. Charlton"

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

Welcome to "Valor Unveiled," where we shine a spotlight on the phenomenal bravery of William Henry Thompson and Cornelius H. Charlton, the two African Americans who received the Medal of Honor for their valor in the Korean War. Buckle up for a rollercoaster of courage and inspiration!

First, meet William Henry Thompson, a hero whose legacy is as towering as his bravery. In the heat of battle in Haman, South Korea, on August 6, 1950, Thompson's platoon faced an overwhelming enemy. Retreat was the sensible option, but Thompson chose otherwise. Despite severe wounds, he covered his comrades' withdrawal with unyielding resolve, turning himself into a one-man shield. His heroism saved countless lives and earned him a posthumous Medal of Honor, making him a symbol of ultimate sacrifice and bravery.

Now, let's talk about Cornelius H. Charlton, whose audacity and leadership were nothing short of legendary. On June 2, 1951, near Chipo-Ri, Korea, Charlton took command after his platoon leader was wounded. Leading a fearless assault against a fortified enemy, Charlton's indomitable spirit turned the tide. Even after sustaining severe injuries, he pressed on, refusing evacuation and continuing the fight until he was fatally wounded. His courage under fire earned him a posthumous Medal of Honor, highlighting his relentless determination and leadership.

Thompson and Charlton's stories are not just tales of battlefield heroics; they are powerful narratives of overcoming racial barriers and inspiring future generations. Their legacy reminds us that true heroism knows no bounds. Join us on "Valor Unveiled" to celebrate these incredible men and their enduring impact.

Highlights:

00:56- EPILOGUE

01:27- INTRO.

01:34- WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON'S BIRTH.

01:39- SINGLE MOTHER.

02:02- WILLIAM ENLIST IN THE US ARMY.

02:14- ADAK, ALASKA.

02:36- WILLIAM REENLIST IN THE US ARMY.

02:38- SOUTH KOREA.

02:50- REASSIGNED TO JAPAN.

02:59- 24TH INFANTRY. 25TH DIVISION. SEGREGATED UNIT.

03:27- KOREAN WAR ERUPTS.

03:43- DEPLOYED TO SOUTH KOREA.

03:57- BATTLE OF SANGJU.

04:28- HAMAN, SOUTH KOREA.

05:15- WOUNDED MULTIPLE TIMES.

05:30- LIEUTENANT ORDERS A RETREAT.

05:39- WILLIAM MAINTAINS HIS POST.

06:02- WOUNDED BODY RETRIEVED BY FELLOW SOLDIERS.

06:02- WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON'S DEATH.

06:42- MEDAL OF HONOR

07:14- 1ST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO RECEIVE THE MEDAL SINCE THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.

07:22- RECEIVES THE PURPLE HEART.

07:27- MEDAL PRESERVATION

07:45- RESTING PLACE.

08:14- CORNELIUS H. CHARLTON'S BIRTH.

08:30- PARENTS.

08:50- RELOCATION TO BRONX, NY.

09:06- JAMES MONROE HIGH SCHOOL.

09:15- GRADUATES HIGH SCHOOL & ENLISTS IN THE US ARMY.

09:31- DEPLOYED TO ALLIED- OCCUPIED GERMANY.

09:40- REENLISTS & ASSIGNED TO MARYLAND.

09:49- DEPLOYED TO ALLIED-OCCUPIED JAPAN.

10:10- REQUEST COMBAT DUTY IN THE KOREAN WAR.

10:16- TRANSFERRED TO COMPANY C. 24TH INFANTRY. 25TH DIVISION IN KOREA.

10:50- OPERATION PILEDRIVER. HILL 543. CHIPO-RI, SOUTH KOREA.

11:17- HE ASSUMES COMMAND.

11:29- WOUNDED MULTIPLE TIMES.

11:54- CORNELIUS CHARGES ALONE.

12:10- SUCCUMBS TO HIS INJURIES.

12:21- REMAINS RETURNED TO HIS FAMILY.

12:30- MEDAL OF HONOR AND THE PURPLE HEART.

12:51- REINTERRED MULTIPLE TIMES.

13:21- MEDAL OF HONOR PRESERVATION.

13:31- HEROISM COMMEMORATED IN NUMEROUS WAYS.

15:13- LIST OF AWARDS FOR HIS SERVICE, LEADERSHIP AND BRAVERY.

16:14- CONCLUSION.

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

William Henry Thompson | Korean War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient (cmohs.org)

William Thompson (Medal of Honor, 1950) - Wikipedia

William Thompson (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)

William Thompson - Recipient - (militarytimes.com)

William H. Thompson Collection | Library of Congress (loc.gov)

Korean War - African American Veterans Monument (aavmwny.org)

A Soldier's Story: Private First Class William Henry Thompson (everydaypatriot.com)

William Thompson's memorial page - Honor Veterans Legacies at VLM (va.gov)

Black Soldiers, Purple Hearts | Ann Arbor District Library (aadl.org)

50 states, 50 heroes: Standing ground - Austin Daily Herald | Austin Daily Herald

National Purple Heart Hall of Honor (thepurpleheart.com)

TIL PFC William Thompson was the first of two African Americans in Korea to receive the Medal of Honor since the Spanish-American War. Both Medals were awarded posthumously. : r/todayilearned (reddit.com)=

(3) For #BlackHistoryMonth NCA salutes, William Henry Thompson, a #Army soldier, and a posthumous recipient of the #MOH, for his actions in the #KoreanWar. Thompson was born in Aug.16, 1927, in New York City. He enlisted in the US Army in 1945 and completed one tour of duty. He reenlisted in January 1948, serving with the 24th Infantry from 1949–1950. On Aug. 6, 1950, near Haman in South Korea, Thompson provided cover for comrades as they withdrew from a surprise enemy attack. His courage was recognized posthumously with the Medal of Honor in June 1951. Thompson is one of two black soldiers to receive the Medal of Honor for service in the war. Thompson died Aug. 23, 1950. He is interred at Long Island National Cemetery. Pay tribute at https://www.vlm.cem.va.gov/WILLIAMTHOMPSON/DA52BF0 #HonoringVets #AfricanAmericanHistory... - National Cemetery Administration (NCA) U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | Facebook= (see for actual tombstone & DOB & DOD)

(4) #OTD 1950, PFC William H. Thompson, of the mostly segregated 24th Infantry Regiment, was killed in the Battle of Masan during the larger Pusan Perimeter offensive of the Korean War. Thompson grew up impoverished in Brooklyn, NY and enlisted in the Army late in 1945 shortly after turning 18. He was trained as a heavy weapons infantryman. On the night of his death, Thompson's unit was ambushed by a detachment of North Korean troops. Many in in Thompson's unit retreated, however, he manned his Browning machine gun to cover them. Injured numerous times by grenade fragments and small arms fire, Thompson refused to withdraw. His comrades reported a large grenade blast before his gun finally went silent. Thompson was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his selfless action. He was the first of only two African Americans to receive this honor in the Korean War. Thompson's heroics were initially overshadowed by the poor performance of the 24th early in the war and unfounded racially motivated criticisms. He is buried at Long Island National Cemetery (Section... - National Cemetery Administration (NCA) U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | Facebook

Cornelius H Charlton | Korean War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient (cmohs.org)

Cornelius H. Charlton (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)

Cornelius H. Charlton - Wikipedia

Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton (navy.mil)

Cornelius H. Charlton | American Battle Monuments Commission (abmc.gov)

West Virginia Veterans Memorial - Cornelius H. Charlton (wvculture.org)

Cornelius Charlton - Recipient - (militarytimes.com)

Hero 130 - Cornelius H. Charlton - The Grateful Nation Project (herocards.us)

Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 157 (2011), Part 7 - HONORING SERGEANT CORNELIUS H. CHARLTON, ``THE HERO OF HILL 543'' (govinfo.gov)

Secretary Frank Pace with the Family of Sergeant Cornelius H. Charlton | Harry S. Truman (trumanlibrary.gov)

Cornelius H Charlton | Korean War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient (cmohs.org)

DVIDS - Images - Black History Month: Sgt. Cornelius Charlton [Image 2 of 2] (dvidshub.net)

National Purple Heart Hall of Honor (thepurpleheart.com)

The Korean War: Honoring Cornelius Charlton and William Thompson - Congressional Medal of Honor Society (cmohs.org)

NKHC-2018-BHM-African-Americans-in-Times-of-War-commemorative-document.pdf (taichicago.org)= both

Medal of Honor - Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)= both

Date: July 17, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #5. Olympic Pioneers: Honoring Tidye Pickett & Louise Stokes

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this exhilarating episode of "Olympic Pioneers: Honoring Tidye Pickett & Louise Stokes," we dive into the awe-inspiring tales of Tidye Pickett and Louise Stokes, two trailblazing women who shattered racial barriers and paved the way for future generations of athletes. Strap in for a journey back to the 1930s, when these dynamic women, armed with grit, grace, and an unyielding spirit, sprinted their way into the annals of Olympic history.

Tidye Pickett, the first African American woman to compete in the Olympics, dazzles us with her story of resilience and determination. Her courage to chase dreams amidst adversity is nothing short of legendary. Then, meet Louise Stokes, whose electrifying speed and unwavering tenacity earned her a place in the pantheon of sports heroes, despite facing discrimination and numerous hurdles.

Through insightful interviews and vivid storytelling, we celebrate their remarkable achievements, shedding light on their enduring legacy that continues to inspire athletes today. This episode is a testament to the power of perseverance and the unbreakable spirit of pioneers who dared to dream big.

Prepare to be uplifted, enlightened, and utterly inspired as we honor Tidye Pickett and Louise Stokes—true icons who blazed trails and left indelible marks on the world of sports. This is one historic sprint you won't want to miss!

Highlights:

01:06- INTRO.

01:23- TIDYE'S BIRTH.

02:50- TIDYE'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

03:31- TIDYE'S 1932 LA OLYMPIC TRIALS.

04:01- LOUISE'S BIRTH.

05:11- LOUISE'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS

06:20- LOUISE'S 1932 LA OLYMPIC GAMES TRIALS.

07:04- WOMEN FACE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION.

07:52- 1932 LA OLYMPIC GAMES X BEGINS.

08:19- 1932 LA OLYMPIC GAMES X ENDS.

08:40- TIDYE'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

09:23- TIDYE'S 1936 BERLIN OLYMPIC GAMES TRIALS.

10:21- LOUISE'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

11:04- LOUISE'S 1936 BERLIN OLYMPIC GAMES TRIALS.

11:31- MALDEN, MA NEWSPAPER ARTICLE.

11:54- BLACK EAGLES.

12:10- SS MANHATTAN.

12:43- 1936 BERLIN OLYMPIC GAMES PROCESSION.

14:22- TIDYE BREAKS HER FOOT.

15:02- 1936 BERLIN OLYMPIC GAMES ENDS.

15:48- TIDYE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.

15:56- NORTHERN ILLINOIS ALUMNI MAGAZINE INTERVIEW.

16:05- TIDYE PASSES AWAY.

16:14- MALDEN, MA PARADE.

16:29- COLORED WOMEN'S BOWLING LEAGUE.

17:08- LOUISE FRASER DAY.

17:28- LOUISE PASSES AWAY.

17:36- HONORS IN LOUISE'S MEMORY.

18:08- 1936 BERLIN OLYMPIC GAMES ATHLETES AT THE WHITE HOUSE.

18:39- CONCLUSION.

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

Sports History Forgot About Tidye Pickett and Louise Stokes, Two Black Olympians Who Never Got Their Shot | Smithsonian (smithsonianmag.com)

Black History Month: Tidye Pickett and Louise Stokes made Olympic history - Sports Illustrated

Tidye Pickett - Wikipedia

TIDYE PICKETT – OISELLE

Olympedia – 80 metres Hurdles, Women

Tidye Pickett: An athlete to know (theblacksportswoman.com)

Tidye Ann Pickett-Phillips (1973) - Illinois State Athletics Percy Family Hall of Fame - Illinois State University Athletics (goredbirds.com)

Theodora Anne PICKETT (olympics.com)

Tidye Pickett: Chicago track star was first African-American female Olympian – Chicago Tribune (unable to read article)

Tidye Pickett: The First African American Woman to Compete at the Olympic Games | Track and Field Black History (podbean.com)

1932 Olympics: What was it like for Tidye Pickett & Louise Stokes? (theblacksportswoman.com)

Race of a Lifetime | Tracksmith

Louise Stokes, The Malden Meteor - The Sports Museum

Louise Stokes Fraser | Freedom's Way National Heritage Area (freedomsway.org)

Louise Stokes - Wikipedia

"Louise Stokes Fraser" (bridgew.edu)

MTSCA.org | Hall of fame (mstca.org)

LOUISE STOKES – OISELLE

Olympedia – Louise Stokes

Trailblazing Black Women in Sports - Famous, Athletes, Track | HISTORY

Olympic Pride, American Prejudice (2016) - IMDb

Olympic Pride, American Prejudice | PBS