Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons Podcast

Date: July 3, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #4. The Life of Augustus Jackson: The Father of Ice Cream

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this episode of "The Life of Augustus Jackson: The Father of Ice Cream," we journey through the remarkable life of Augustus Jackson, whose innovations transformed ice cream from a luxury to a beloved treat enjoyed by all. Born free in 1808 in Philadelphia, Gus' early years were shaped by his mother's culinary artistry and his own burgeoning passion for cooking. At twelve, he began his illustrious culinary career at the White House, where he refined his skills under the watchful eye of the nation's top chefs.

Gus' determination and talent helped him to rise from a humble kitchen helper to the esteemed role of head cook, serving under three U.S. Presidents. Yet, it was his return to Philadelphia that marked the true beginning of his legacy. With entrepreneurial spirit and innovative techniques, he revolutionized the ice cream industry, making it smoother, creamier, and more accessible. His pioneering use of rock salt in the freezing process and his introduction of new flavors laid the foundation for what would become a multi-billion-dollar industry.

Gus' story is not just one of culinary genius but also of resilience and community. He broke barriers as an African American entrepreneur, using his success to uplift others. As we celebrate his contributions, we are reminded that every scoop of ice cream today carries the legacy of a man whose passion and innovation continue to bring joy to millions. Join us as we explore the life of Augustus Jackson—a tale of sweet success, community spirit, and the indomitable human spirit.

Highlights:

01:09- INTRO.

01:37- AUGUSTUS JACKSON'S BIRTH.

01:56- PENNSYLVANIA'S 1780, AN ACT FOR THE GRADUAL ABOLITION OF SLAVERY.

02:05- PARENTS.

05:33- EMPLOYED AS KITCHEN HELPER AT THE WHITE HOUSE IN D.C.

07:16- PROMOTED TO HEAD COOK.

07:44- COOKS FOR THREE US PRESIDENTS.

09:05- RETURNS TO PHILADELPHIA.

09:13- STARTS HIS OWN BUSINESS.

10:34- DISCOVERS THE ROCK SALT METHOD.

11:03- DEVELOPS DIFFERENT ICE CREAM FLAVORS.

11:33- NAMES HIS BRAND OF ICE CREAM "PHILADELPHIA STYLE".

11:45- SELLS HIS ICE CREAM $1/QUART.

12:45- BECOMES A PILLAR OF THE COMMUNITY AND A MENTOR.

13:53- DEATH.

14:31- DAUGHTER TAKES OVER THE BUSINESS.

14:38- WIFE HELPS WITH THE BUSINESS.

16:32- MODERN ICE CREAM TECHNIQUES.

17:13- HIS ICE CREAM TECHNIQUE IS STILL USED.

20:05- MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR ICE CREAM INDUSTRY.

20:35- NATIONAL ICE CREAM MONTH.

22:06- TODAY'S VALUE OF HIS ICE CREAM.

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Links To Additional Resources:

Augustus Jackson (1808-1852) [Children's Edition] • (blackpast.org)

Augustus Jackson - Wikipedia

Black History Month: The Father of Ice Cream - Frozen Dessert Supplies

Ice Cream Man: How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better (Book Review) | Here Wee Read

Ice Cream Man : How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better - Stories Like Me

How Chef Augustus Jackson Changed Ice Cream Forever (yahoo.com)

PowerPoint Presentation (manoogian.org)

Did Augustus Jackson invent ice cream? - New Statesman

Ice Cream History - Hemings, Jackson, Cralle | The Kitchn

THANK A BLACK PERSON: Augustus Jackson, the Father of Modern Ice Cream Making | by Janice R Littlejohn | Medium

Ice cream man: how Augustus Jackson made a sweet treat better | Citrus Libraries (aspendiscovery.org)

Ice Cream Man: How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better (publishersweekly.com)

ICE CREAM MAN: HOW AUGUSTUS JACKSON MADE A SWEET TREAT BETTER – WRITERS' RUMPUS (writersrumpus.com)

Ice cream man : how Augustus Jackson made a sweet treat better - Brooklyn Public Library (bklynlibrary.org)

Ice Cream Man: How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better | National Agriculture in the Classroom (agclassroom.org)

Ice Cream Man: How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better by Kim Freeman, Glenda Armand | The Scholastic Parent Store

Why Augustus Jackson Is Called the Father of Ice Cream | Cook's Country (americastestkitchen.com)

Augustus Jackson at emaze Presentation

DROP of Black History - Augustus Jackson - THE DROP (thedrop303.org)

Augustus Jackson, the 'father of ice cream' you probably didn't know (blackfacts.com)

Augustus Jackson - MOFAD | The Legacy Quilt Project at MOFAD

Who Invented Ice Cream? (thoughtco.com)

Ice Cream Man: How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better | Reading Rockets

Ice Cream Man: How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better by Glenda Armand and Kim Freeman - The Radical Agenda

Ice Cream Man: How Augustus Jackson Made a Sweet Treat Better - A Book And A Hug

Augustus Jackson / SamePassage

Augustus Jackson - Wikiwand

Ice cream man : how Augustus Jackson made a sweet treat better / | Larchmont Public Library (larchmontlibrary.org)

Augustus Jackson - MOFAD | The Legacy Quilt Project at MOFAD

Augustus Jackson by Leo kelson on Prezi

Pennsylvania - An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, 1780 | American Battlefield Trust (battlefields.org)

$1 in 1832 → 2024 | Inflation Calculator (officialdata.org)

Date: June 19, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #1. Echoes of Liberation: Celebrating Juneteenth

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this episode of "Echoes of Liberation: Celebrating Juneteenth," we journey through the poignant tale of Elijah, a young, enslaved boy in Galveston, Texas, who discovers the transformative power of knowledge amidst the brutal realities of bondage. The story captures Elijah's clandestine quest for literacy, symbolizing a profound act of resistance and a silent rebellion against the oppressive structures of slavery. His journey reflects the universal longing for freedom and the unyielding human spirit's resilience.

Set against the backdrop of the American South's harsh plantation life, Elijah's story culminates with the historic arrival of Union soldiers on June 19, 1865, marking the true end of slavery in Texas and the beginning of a new era of liberation celebrated as Juneteenth. Fast forward to the present, where his descendant, also named Elijah, honors this legacy by participating in Juneteenth celebrations in Washington, D.C. This contemporary narrative intertwines with his ancestor's past, highlighting how the struggles and triumphs of those who fought for freedom continue to resonate through generations.

The episode underscores Juneteenth not only as a celebration of emancipation but also as a powerful reminder of the ongoing pursuit for equality and justice. It calls on us to reflect on the enduring legacy of those who dared to dream of freedom and to carry forward their spirit of resistance and hope into the future.

Highlights:

01:00- INTRO. AMERICAN SOUTH. GALVESTON, TEXAS PLANTATION.

01:27- ELIJAH WHITAKER. 9-YEAR-OLD, YOUNG SLAVE BOY.

01:51- ELIJAH LEARNS TO READ.

04:27- THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION RUMOR.

06:52- ELIJAH FLEES THE PLANTATION.

07:30- BAND OF ESCAPED SLAVES.

07:53- AMBUSHED.

09:03- ELIJAH IS RETURNED TO HIS MASTER.

09:31- ELIJAH WHIPPED BY THE OVERSEER.

10:01- ARRIVAL OF UNION TROOPS.

10:42- LIBERATION.

14:03- ALARM SOUNDS. PRESENT DAY: D.C. JUNETEENTH.

14:06- ELIJAH JOHNSON WAKES FROM VIVID DREAM.

17:22- JUNETEENTH CELEBRATION.

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Links to additional resources:

"Colored Troops under General Wild, liberating slaves in North Carolina" · SHEC: Resources for Teachers (cuny.edu)

Juneteenth | American Battlefield Trust (battlefields.org)

What Is Juneteenth? Information for Kids and Families - Boys & Girls Clubs of America (bgca.org)

Juneteenth — HHRCMAINE

We Honor the History of Juneteenth - Astraea Lesbian Foundation For Justice (astraeafoundation.org)

The Historical Legacy of Juneteenth | National Museum of African American History and Culture (si.edu)

Juneteenth | National Museum of African American History and Culture (si.edu)

Juneteenth World Wide Celebration

Juneteenth: The History of a Holiday - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

What Is Juneteenth? | HISTORY

Juneteenth | GovInfo

Juneteenth National Independence Day - NPS Commemorations and Celebrations (U.S. National Park Service)

What is Juneteenth? The 156-year-old holiday, explained. - Vox

A Proclamation on Juneteenth Day of Observance, 2021 | The White House

Juneteenth: Freedom Day (turing.edu)

More than a Day Off: Commit to Creating an Organizational Culture of Belonging this Juneteenth - Social Current (social-current.org)

What Is Juneteenth? African American History Blog | The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross (pbs.org)

R44865.pdf (fas.org)

Juneteenth | History, Meaning, Flag, Importance, & Facts | Britannica

What is Juneteenth? A look at how it became a federal holiday | AP News

Juneteenth | Town of Cary (carync.gov)

This Juneteenth, Celebrate Freedom Day at an Interior site | U.S. Department of the Interior (doi.gov)

Juneteenth | NAACP

Juneteenth is a new federal holiday but has long been celebrated : NPR

Meaningful Juneteenth Celebration Ideas for the Workplace (indeed.com)

Celebrating Juneteenth 2021 (gateway-longview.org)

Things to Know About Juneteenth — ARCC Blog (joinarcc.org)

Juneteenth: History and Food of the Celebration | Heritage Radio Network

Texas Observes Juneteenth | TSLAC

Which states recognize Juneteenth as an official holiday? | Pew Research Center

What to know about Juneteenth, the newest federal holiday | CNN

What is Juneteenth—and how did it become a federal holiday? (nationalgeographic.com)

A Proclamation on Juneteenth Day of Observance, 2022 | The White House

Juneteenth: A Celebration of Freedom (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)

Juneteenth | DoDEA

Juneteenth: What It Is And How It Is Observed : NPR

Juneteenth (tshaonline.org)

Juneteenth | Atlanta History Center

Juneteenth: Freedom Day (turing.edu)

Celebrating Juneteenth 2021 (gateway-longview.org)

Today is Juneteenth. Here's why it matters. (iamsecond.com)

Juneteenth, Black Lives, and Structural Discrimination : ICAAD

What Does Juneteenth Celebrate? The History of the Holiday | PBS

Juneteenth | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (okhistory.org)

Juneteenth: why celebrating the holiday is more important now than ever - Vox

Juneteenth – African American Museum of Iowa (blackiowa.org)

What is Juneteenth? Learn the history behind the federal holiday's origins and name - CBS News

Juneteenth | City of Boulder (bouldercolorado.gov)

Juneteenth Now Recognized by All 50 States on Its Second Anniversary as a Federal Holiday - Ogletree

Juneteenth Celebration - Diversity and Inclusion (fnal.gov)

Juneteenth (traviscountytx.gov)

Juneteenth Celebrations and Festivals in Corpus Christi (visitcorpuschristi.com)

Honoring Juneteenth | ADL

Juneteenth: From Cultural Celebration to National Holiday (aza.org)

Juneteenth (nationalgeographic.org)

Text - S.475 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Juneteenth National Independence Day Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress

Juneteenth | Folklife Today (loc.gov)

Juneteenth (nyc.gov)

Juneteenth | Murfreesboro, TN - Official Website (murfreesborotn.gov)

Juneteenth: Celebrating freedom, commemorating Black history > Air Force > Article Display (af.mil)

A beginner's guide to Juneteenth: How can all Americans celebrate? | AP News

Home - juneteenthor

Juneteenth Festival - City of Santa Ana (santa-ana.org)

Juneteenth Celebration | William & Mary (wm.edu)

Juneteenth, a Day of Remembrance and Emancipation | ICNA CSJ

Juneteenth Celebration 2023 - Black Heritage Trail NH

Juneteenth | Wellington, FL (wellingtonfl.gov)

Juneteenth: A Celebration of Freedom – Dallas Historical Society (dallashistory.org)

Juneteenth 2023: What Is Juneteenth? (people.com)

Juneteenth | National Archives

What is Juneteenth? – Juneteenth World Wide Celebration

New State Holiday "Juneteenth Independence Day" | Mass.gov

Juneteenth (article) | Reconstruction | Khan Academy

Juneteenth: How the US holiday is being celebrated (bbc.com)

What Is Juneteenth, How Is It Celebrated, and Why Does It Matter? | Teen Vogue

The Long History of Our New Federal Holiday: Juneteenth | United States Capitol History

June 19: Celebrating Juneteenth - National Scholarship Providers Association

Date: June 19, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #3. Glenn Burke: The High Five Inventor and MLB's Trailblazing Gay Icon

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this episode, we dive into the extraordinary life of Glenn Burke, the man behind the high-five and a pioneering figure in Major League Baseball's history.

Glenn's story is one of resilience and triumph over adversity. From leading his high school basketball team to a championship to becoming a rising star in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Oakland Athletics, Glenn's journey was marked by groundbreaking moments, including the spontaneous invention of the high-five with teammate Dusty Baker in 1977. This simple yet powerful gesture became a symbol of celebration worldwide.

However, Glenn's life was not solely defined by his athletic prowess. As one of the first openly gay athletes in professional sports, his courage to live authentically amid an era of deep-seated discrimination set a trailblazing path for future generations. Glenn's struggle for acceptance within the MLB, including facing overt prejudice and ultimately being traded, underscores the harsh realities he endured.

Despite retiring from baseball and facing personal and health challenges, including his battle with AIDS, Glenn's legacy continued to inspire. His participation in the Gay Games, his advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights, and his historic coming-out interview on the TODAY show highlight his lasting impact on and off the field.

Join us as we celebrate Glenn Burke's life, reflecting on his significant contributions to sports, his brave journey as a gay athlete, and the enduring symbol of unity and joy he gave the world through the high-five. His legacy is a powerful reminder of the importance of authenticity, resilience, and the transformative power of sports.

Highlights:

00:58- INTRO.

02:27- GLENN BURKE'S BIRTH.

04:08- NAMED HIGH SCHOOL BASKETBALL PLAYER OF THE YEAR.

04:33- DRAFTED TO THE MLB MINOR LEAGUE.

05:49- DRAFTED TO THE MLB LOS ANGELES DODGERS.

07:42- INVENTS THE HIGH FIVE.

09:34- MANAGEMENT LEARNS OF HIS SEXUALITY.

10:04- GLENN IS TRADED TO THE OAKLAND A's.

11:38- GLENN INJURES HIS KNEE.

12:13- DEMOTED TO MLB MINOR LEAGUE.

14:35- QUITS PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL.

15:11- PARTICIPATES IN THE GAY OLYMPICS.

15:41- BECOMES THE FIRST MLB PLAYER TO PUBLICLY COME OUT.

18:23- HIT BY A CAR.

19:19- DRUG ABUSE.

20:11- HOMELESSNESS.

21:27- DIAGNOSED WITH HIV.

21:32: DIEASE PROGRESSES TO AIDS.

21:40 OAKLAND A's SUPPORTS HIM FINANCIALLY WHILE HE LIVES WITH HIS SISTER.

22:22 GLENN PASSES AWAY.

23:28 BILL BEAN COMES OUT.

24:19 LIST OF ACCOLADES.

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Links To Additional Resources:

Glenn Burke Facts for Kids (kiddle.co)

Glenn Burke Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More | Baseball-Reference.com

Glenn Burke, MLB's 1st openly gay player, spoke to TODAY's Bryant Gumbel in 1982

At Pride Night, Dodgers Embrace Glenn Burke, Who They Once Shunned - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

Glenn Burke | Legacy Project Chicago

Glenn Burke, MLB's First Openly Gay Player, Likely Invented the High Five (ask.com)

Glenn Burke Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News | MLB.com

Glenn Burke, Game Changer (macmillan.com)

Stories - FAM (aidsmonument.org)

Glenn Burke, Game Changer: The Man Who Invented the High Five (publishersweekly.com)

The Story of the First Openly Gay MLB Player: Glenn Burke - First Name Basis

The Forgotten History of the First Openly Gay Man to Play Major League Baseball | Them

Glenn Burke, an 'extravagantly gifted' baseball player, paid a price for being gay (oaklandside.org)

Glenn Burke Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac (baseball-almanac.com)

Glenn Burke, Game Changer: The Man Who Invented the High Five | School Library Journal (slj.com)

Glenn Burke, Game Changer: The Man Who Invented the High Five – Books of Wonder

LGBTQ History: How Glenn Burke defied bigotry in Major League Baseball – Liberation News

Glenn Burke – Society for American Baseball Research (sabr.org)

'Because Dusty Baker accepted him, he was accepted.' Glenn Burke's story and why it matters - The Athletic

A High Five for Glenn Burke - Phil Bildner

Glenn Burke - Beverly Press & Park Labrea NewsBeverly Press & Park Labrea News

Glenn Burke, Baseball Player born - African American Registry (aaregistry.org)

Why aren't the Dodgers recognizing Glenn Burke on Pride Night? - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com)

A High Five for Glenn Burke (macmillan.com)

Glenn Burke Facts for Kids (kiddle.co)

Jamie Lee Curtis, Ryan Murphy Team On Netflix Series About Dodgers Glenn Burke (deadline.com)

Pro baseball player Glenn Burke refused to live a lie - Philadelphia Gay News (epgn.com)

The A's must continue honoring Glenn Burke even if they move to Las Vegas - Outsports

Glenn Burke - Oakland Athletics Unspecified Position - ESPN

Glenn Burke Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News | MiLB.com

Glenn Burke, 42, A Major League Baseball Player - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

Glenn Burke - NBJC Ubuntu (beenhere.org)

Glenn Burke, Game Changer : The Man Who Invented the High Five (Hardcover) - Walmart.com

Glenn Burke was ideal Dodger teammate whose sexuality wasn't an issue - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com)

Glenn Burke - IMDb

Glenn Burke - Los Angeles Dodgers OF | StatMuse

Glenn Burke - Oakland - LocalWiki

Glenn Burke remembered during Dodgers' Pride Night (mlb.com)

30 Moments of Pride: Glenn Burke unveils the high five - Outsports

Glenn Burke Class of 2028 - Player Profile | Perfect Game USA

Glenn Burke Career Stats - MLB - ESPN

Forgotten MLB Player Spotlight: Glenn Burke, a True Pioneer (calltothepen.com)

Glenn Burke - BR Bullpen (baseball-reference.com)

Glenn Burke | Penguin Random House

Glenn Burke (advocate.com)

No. 3: Glenn Burke – Tom Hoffarth's The Drill: More Farther Off the Wall

Happy Birthday Glenn Burke, Baseball's First Openly Gay Player (kampstudentradio.com)

Date: June 19, 2024

Legacy Makers: Stories of Black Inventors and Icons

Title and Show Info

Episode #2. Thomas L. Jennings: Pioneering Dry Cleaning and Social Justice

Featuring: Toni Davis (Host & Storyteller).

Summary

In this episode, we delve into the remarkable life of Thomas L. Jennings, a man whose legacy is as multifaceted as the city he called home. Born free in a nation where liberty was a privilege for a select few, Jennings navigated a world rife with racial prejudice to become a pioneering inventor and an impassioned advocate for social justice.

The backdrop is early 19th century New York City, a burgeoning metropolis where the shadows of slavery loom large. It is against this backdrop that Jennings' story unfolds, beginning with his humble origins and early struggles as a young African American. Despite societal barriers, Jennings' insatiable curiosity and intellect propel him into the world of tailoring, where he ultimately revolutionizes garment care with his invention of dry-scouring, the precursor to modern dry cleaning.

But Jennings' contributions extend far beyond his technical innovations. As a successful businessman, he channels his wealth and influence into the abolitionist movement, tirelessly working to dismantle the institution of slavery and fight for civil rights. From purchasing the freedom of his own family to championing the desegregation of public transportation, Jennings' actions are driven by a profound commitment to justice and equality.

Through triumph and tribulation, Jennings' story is one of perseverance, ingenuity, and the relentless pursuit of a better future. His legacy is not just one of technological advancement but also of enduring social impact. Join us as we explore how Thomas L. Jennings, a man of vision and valor, forged a path that would illuminate the way for generations to come.

Highlights:

00:57- INTRO. NEW YORK CITY.

05:31- THOMAS L. JENNINGS BIRTH.

07:12- THOMAS BECOMES AN APPRENTICE.

07:32- THOMAS MEETS ELIZABETH CARTWRIGHT.

13:04- THOMAS MARRIES ELIZABETH.

13:06- THEY HAVE THREE CHILDREN.

14:55- THOMAS INVENTS DRY SCOURING.

15:34- THOMAS APPLIES FOR A PATENT.

16:44- THOMAS IS GRANTED A PATENT.

19:29- THOMAS ESTABLISHES HIS OWN DRY CLEANING BUSINESS.

20:38- THOMAS PURCHASES THE FREEDOM OF HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN.

20:43- THOMAS BECOMES AN ACTIVE ABOLITIONIST.

22:29- THOMAS' DAUGHTER ELIZABETH IS REMOVED FROM A STREETCAR.

24:57- THOMAS FILES SUIT.

25:53- ELIZABETH WINS HER CASE.

27:47- DESEGREGATION OF NYC PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES

29:50- THOMAS PASSES AWAY

Subscribe to the podcast.

Links To Additional Resources:

Thomas Jennings the abolitionist and brilliant inventor - The Westside Gazette

https://abc7ny.com/abc-7-unite-thomas-jennings-charles-b-brooks-inventors/10372629/

http://www.myblackhistory.net/Thomas_Jennings.htm

https://www.wunderground.com/history/monthly/us/ny/new-york-city

Elizabeth Jennings, Who Desegregated New York's Trolleys (nytimes.com)

Elizabeth Jennings Graham - Wikipedia

A Brief History of the Father of Modern Dry Cleaning: Thomas L. Jennings (drycleanerstogo.com)

Biography of Thomas Jennings, Invented Dry-Cleaning (thoughtco.com)

A Bold Man of Color: Thomas L. Jennings and the Proceeds of a Patent — The Gotham Center for New York City History

Recognizing the 200th Anniversary of Thomas Jennings' Patent | National Inventors Hall of Fame®

Mrs Elizabeth Cartwright Jennings (1798-1873) - Find a Grave Memorial

Thomas L. Jennings - Wikipedia

NIHF Inductee Thomas Jennings and the History of Dry Cleaning (invent.org)

Meet Thomas Jennings, The Inventor Of Dry-Cleaning And First Black U.S. Citizen To Secure A Patent - AfroTech

Thomas L. Jennings (1791- 1856) • (blackpast.org)

Thomas Jennings | Lemelson (mit.edu)

A Brief History of the Father of Modern Dry Cleaning: Thomas L. Jennings (drycleanerstogo.com)

Thomas Jennings - The Black Inventor Online Museum

Meet Thomas Jennings, The Inventor Of Dry-Cleaning And First Black U.S. Citizen To Secure A Patent (yahoo.com)

The First African-American to Hold a Patent Invented 'Dry Scouring' | Smithsonian (smithsonianmag.com)

Thomas L. Jennings - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

Thomas Jennings, Tradesman born - African American Registry (aaregistry.org)

A Bold Man of Color: Thomas L. Jennings and the Proceeds of a Patent — The Gotham Center for New York City History

Biography of Thomas Jennings, Invented Dry-Cleaning (thoughtco.com)

Do You Know Thomas L. Jennings? — Oak Hill Dry Cleaners

Thomas Jennings invented 'dry cleaning' over 200 years ago (theblackwallsttimes.com)

Thomas Jennings: The Man Who Invented Dry Cleaning - Red Hanger

Thomas L. Jennings, First African American to be Granted a Patent – IPO Education Foundation (ipoef.org)

Real Success Contributes to the Success of Others (globalleadersinstitute.org)

Thomas Jennings: African American Inventor (myblackhistory.net)

Meet Thomas Jennings: The Inventor of Dry-Cleaning And First Black U.S. Citizen To Secure A Patent - Cliché Magazine (clichemag.com)