Gut microbiota is widely considered to be one of the most important components to maintain balanced homeostasis. Looking forward, probiotics have been shown to play a significant role in immunomodulation and display anticancer properties.

Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) have been investigated to determine potential beneficial effects in autoimmune disease.

Modifying gut microbiota with probiotics has been in practice for centuries and is now being studied in the treatment and prophylaxis for cardiovascular disease (CVD). 

Introduction to Skin Diseases

Nowadays, a large group of skin diseases, including eczema, psoriasis, acne, rosacea, as well as vitiligo have been found in humans. The symptoms of the skin disease still vary greatly, some showing mild symptoms such as headaches and rashes, while others can be more severe and even life-threatening, including high fever, asphyxia.

Introduction of Celiac Disease (CD)

CD is an immune-mediated disorder initiated by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals

Urinary tract infection (UTI) still represents a significant bother for women and results in high costs to the health system. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has stimulated interest in probiotic prophylaxis of recurrent UTIs.

Basic science studies have shown some efficacy of probiotics on central nervous system function regulation. Probiotics have positive modulatory effects on brain function including the normalization of anxiety and depression-like behavior through the gut-brain axis.

Increasing evidence has shown probiotics contribute to reducing the symptoms of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) have been widely investigated as a treatment modality for gastrointestinal disorders. 

Signal transduction molecules interact to convert and transmit signals constituting various signal transduction pathways.