Linguistics After Dark

In which LxAD show hosts Eli and Sarah get drunk and answer questions about language, live and unedited. That’s it. That’s the panel.

Jump right to:
0:00 Introduction
2:25 Baby Language Acquisition Update
5:01 Questions
5:40 Question 1
6:17 Question 2
7:24 Question 3: What the heck is Linear B?
20:36 Question 4: What do you do with a drunken linguist?
22:00 Question 5: How did you get into linguistics?
37:52 Question 6: Which forms of the word "beware" exist?
44:43 Question 7
44:57 Question 8: Wizards with dyslexia; discuss
52:44 Question 9: What is your favourite tongue twister and why?
56:33 Lore Drop: l'Académie
1:04:29 Question 10
1:06:17 Question 11: What is the worst pun you know in any language you know?
1:06:59 Quiz
1:09:27 Quiz Question I
1:10:50 Quiz Question II
1:14:24 Quiz Question III
1:16:50 Quiz Question IV
1:19:25 Quiz Question V
1:23:58 Question 12: Where can I find the podcast?
1:24:57 Gum Tasting
1:33:23 Question 13: Can you explain Roman naming systems?
1:46:47 Question 13b
1:48:10 Question 14: Negative Polarity?
2:01:54 Question 14b: Is Riker Nerd-Sniping Himself?
2:12:57 Question 14c: What's a desire path?
2:17:52 Question 15: Book Question
2:23:52 Question 16: When word meanings change
2:31:31 Not A Question: Unfortunately, as you probably already know, people.
2:33:49 Question 17: The Lone Power's Name
2:41:43 Question 18: How many words is "58 Queen Charlotte Street, 12:00"?
2:42:33 Question 19: English promiscuity
2:52:08 Endnotes

Mentioned in this panel:

• Diane Duane's ebook store

• Cat's First Baby

• The Riddle of the Labyrinth

• Hellspark

• Fine Prey

• Babel

• Lexicon

• Native Tongue

• Embassytown

• Too Many Daves

• Alice Kober

• Michael Ventris

• John Chadwick

• Jean Berko Gleason

• Thrills gum ("it still tastes like soap!")

• Heaven's Vault

• Useful Charts writing systems of the world & alphabet posters

• Sarah’s Linguistics of the Speech (2nd Edition Revised)

• Jenny's History of Elvish talk

• The 2022 panel where swords were issued

Ask us questions:

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @LxADpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, & Facebook.

Credits:

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Editing for this episode was done by Bex, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are done by Luca. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod. Join us here!

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

Wherein we play language games.

Jump right to:

• 12:47 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Language games
• 37:07 Question 1: Could y’all talk about how your understanding of how to pronounce the word can affect what you think the spelling, etymology, or meaning is? Examples that comes to mind is “su-burban” vs “sub-urban,” “a napron” vs “an apron,” “a stigmatism” vs “an astigmatism,” “acomma” vs “a comma,” etc. though I think some of those examples are actually different phenomena from each other. I think one is juncture loss? Or rebracketing?
• 58:28 Question 2: If you had a chance to influence the evolution of language, what feature/words would you add a) because you like them and b) to troll people?
• 1:21:43 The puzzler: How can a cube be cut so that the cross-section is a hexagon?

Covered in this episode:

• Latin: the Ghost of Spanish Past
• The Ides of March
• Not philosophers discussing cavemen building walls
• Pig Latin and Ubbi dubbi vs cant, argot, Polari, Cockney rhyming slang…
• Argobus, argopodes
• Language cannot be contained
• Verlan
• Juncture loss, rebracketing, and reanalysis in general
• Rocketcopters
• Eli shares a hot take about French he heard years ago (from an actual linguist)
• LOLcat, dogespeak, and uwuspeak
• ȝ
• Evidentiality
• Clusivity
• Identity attestation in first- and second-person pronouns
• Titles aren’t pronouns but they’re sort of next door
• Doctorates should not be relevant to playing frisbee

Links and other post-show thoughts:

• WaniKani
• Yes, being in Italy during Easter during the Jubilee was wild; being in the Vatican while the Pope laid in state was even wilder. (No, Sarah and her students did not get to see him, because they did not have 3+ hours to stand in line.)
• “Ghosts speak Latin” was supposedly a common belief in Elizabethan England, although Jenny couldn’t actually find a source more direct/reliable than footnotes in various copies of Hamlet (I.i.49) so better citation possibly needed?
• Ubbi dubbi, Polari, Tutnese, and Verlan. We couldn’t find an actual concrete origin of the name “Pig Latin,” though it does seem to have been called “Hog Latin” and to have begun as a version of “Dog Latin” (which seems to have referred to parody Latin in general).
• The Pig Latin puzzler was episode 8!
• Sarah and Eli say that the N in ‘a whole nother’ is always there. This is false: around twenty minutes earlier, Sarah herself said “a whole other,” which in retrospect she can confirm is absolutely influenced by Al’s point that knowing how the spelling works can change your pronunciation.
• Several examples of Verlan from one of the channels Sarah likes.
• “Helicopter” came up in episode 14.
• “Electric” does derive from Greek “ēlektron,” but not directly! It was borrowed into Latin as “electrum,” and then “electricus” in the 1600s by physicist William Gilbert. “Electric” and “electricity” were both first used in English in the 1640s by Sir Thomas Browne, who seems to have coined the latter. “Electrick” is a known early alternate spelling, so that definitely always would have been pronounced with a [k], but we couldn’t find evidence in either direction for whether “electricity” has always had an [s]. Also, Jenny has had the Schoolhouse Rock song stuck in her head for three days.
• The conlang Eli was thinking of is the Aramteskan language from P.M. Freestone’s Shadowscent series, and was developed by Lauren Gawne, of Lingthusiasm fame!
• Dual, trial, paucal (not “trual,” whoops!)
• The NativLang video that discusses Chinese timekeeping words.

Ask us questions:

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.

Credits:

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing is done by Abby and Charlie, question wrangling and show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are done by Luca and Deren. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

Wherein we are pro-winter until approximately February 15.

Jump right to:

• 4:38 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Allophones
• 26:50 Question 1: Why do we say “And you will be… (this person)?” when confirming identity? Why is it future tense? This cannot possibly be English. This cannot exist. Am I just wrong or is this one of those weird linguistic things?
• 34:59 Question 2: If you had to remove one sound from the human phonemic inventory, which one would it be and why?
• 42:05 Question 3: So, English’s pronoun “they” can vary in meaning quite a lot, for example in phrases like: “well [you know] what they say….” In this case, the meaning of ‘they’ is kind of like ‘the general public.’ An extra pronoun in the language for this could be slightly useful, as confusion could occur between ‘they’ meaning ‘that one specific group of people’ [versus] ‘the general public.’ My question is; whether languages exist where something like this extra pronoun actually exists.
• 1:02:36 The puzzler: A couple claimed it was the anniversary of their wedding in order to receive a discount at a restaurant. The woman said, “Our wedding was on a beautiful Sunday morning, with birds chirping and flowers all in bloom, twenty-eight years ago today.” The waiter responded that the wedding sounded lovely, but they did not qualify for the discount. How did he know they were lying?

Covered in this episode:

• [d] vs. [t] vs. [ɾ], bases, paces, pesos, and besos
• English “R” is really weird and none of us know why we do it
• Allophones in complementary distribution are like Batman and Bruce Wayne
• Eli is not the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court
• Sarah plans a very strange dinner party
• The future (tense) of English is vast and unknowable (and collapsing with the subjunctive even where it didn’t used to)
• One of those weird linguistic things turns out to actually be three of those weird linguistic things
• Sarah and Eli briefly forget [ɦ] is a sound that exists
• Babies deserve to keep labiodental tap [ⱱ] but bilabial trill [ʙ] could go
• We have not turned a shitpost into something useful
• “Chat” is not a fourth-person pronoun
• Official LxAD stance: The correct thing to do upon seeing a pile of snow is “jump in it”
• Specific versus generic third-person plural pronouns
• Clusivity
• Singular, dual, paucal, and plural
• Eli’s keyboard could have prevented him from guessing last time’s puzzler

Links and other post-show thoughts:

• Congrats to Don Bravo in Marshfield who now have a year-round liquor license actually!
• We promised to include an allophones worksheet in the show notes, so here’s two from a Ling 101 class at UNC Chapel Hill!
• Voiced ⟨h⟩ is [ɦ], the voiced glottal fricative
• The IPA chart: note that here, as is sometimes the case, the “light gray” and “dark gray” boxes Sarah and Eli refer to are instead blank/empty & gray, respectively.
• The sounds Eli suggested collapsing into one are [x] (voiceless velar fricative), [χ] (voiceless uvular fricative), and [ħ] (voiceless pharyngeal fricative). Alternately, we could remove the pharyngeals entirely.
• Periodic Lingthusiasm shout-out!
• See more at linguisticsafterdark.com

Ask us questions:

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on all the usual socials.

Credits:

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing is done by Abby and Charlie, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are done by Luca and Deren. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

Wherein we are not professionals.

Jump right to:

• 4:44 Language Thing of the Day: The short scale vs the long scale
• 21:38 Question 1: Why do we use 'on' to refer to spiders being 'on' ceilings? To me the spiders aren't on top of the ceiling, they're under. All the languages I know use a very similar preposition to 'on' in English, so I'd like to know if any other languages use a different preposition or postposition.
• 38:20 Question 2: Morphologically and grammatically Japanese and te reo Māori behave very similarly: tons of particles all over the place, compounding as a major word source, not many affixes, little to no inflection, reduplication to convey emphasis, and very restrictive phonotactics. I see a pattern: Mandarin, Vietnamese and Thai disallow large consonant clusters and are highly analytic. On the other end of the spectrum there are Georgian (agglutinative hell), and (fusional) Czech, which both have unpronounceable consonant clusters. Is this correlation real or am I imagining things? [If it's real,] what is the reason for this convergent evolution?
• 56:05 Question 3: Would someone wanting to be a linguist need a degree? Or is a degree just a sort of certification? I’ve always wondered this because I’ve always been fascinated by linguistics but I didn’t pursue it in university, instead opting for Translation (which I guess could use linguistics but you know what I mean). Would you guys, actual linguists, consider someone who studies the subject by themselves and engages in conversations of linguistics to be a linguist?
• 1:13:09 Last episode’s puzzler’s answer
• 1:19:09 The puzzler: Complete the sequence. C, F, T, ?, Y, H, N, J, I, ?

Covered in this episode:

• Teeth
• Myriads, millions, milliards, billions, billiards, trillions, and trilliards
• Don’t be Canada

• Indefinite hyperbolic numerals, like “ten thousand,” “seventy,” “seventy times seven,” “a billion,” “a bajillion,” or “hrair”
• Hanging on to the roof of a bus
• Horses do not have walls
• Are French speakers dans or en a mechsuit? We want to know
• Things Sarah gets wrong on Duolingo
• From a spider’s perspective, the enemy’s gate is up
• Does anyone do things by purpose?
• The time on a clock is a place, a month or a year is a container, and a day is a surface

• Why do English speakers do “strength” to ourselves
• The “s” on a present-tense English verb is spicy and weird
• Japanese says you can have little a consonant, as a treat
• There are more than seven languages in the world
• Syllabic consonants

• Being a linguist is not a real-world career
• L’Academie Francais are disqualified from linguistics forever
• Eli proposes a screenplay

• It’s teeth that are the problem

Links and other post-show thoughts:

• We accidentally skipped drinks chat, but Eli had water and Sarah had a weird but tasty raspberry-lemonade wine cooler thing
• The secret dozenal system in English and the long hundred
• Short scale vs long scale, h/t Bex
• “Thousand” isn’t actually that weird; it’s just a Germanic word, instead of being derived from Latin. Here’s a map of words for “thousand” in European languages color-coded by etymology
• Per Etymonline: “billiards” the game played on as rectangular table with ivory balls and wooden sticks, 1590s, from French billiard, originally the word for the wooden cue stick, a diminutive of Old French bille "stick of wood," from Medieval Latin billia "tree, trunk," which is possibly from Gaulish (compare Irish bile "tree trunk"); totally unrelated to French billiard

• See more on our website

Ask us questions:

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.

Credits:

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing is done by Charlie and Abby, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are done by Luca and Deren. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

transcript:

ELI: Hey, hey, Sarah, what do you call it when a corvid recites a poem by Coleridge?

SARAH: …what?

ELI: A crow sings Khan.

SARAH: But why? that doesn't make any sens—ohhh, a CrossingsCon, because we're doing a live show there!

ELI: Yeah! And, and, hey, Sarah, when are the Ides of August?

SARAH: Well, CrossingsCon is the 15th through the 17th. The Ides of August are actually on the 13th.

ELI: Wait, no no no, ides are on the 15th, you know, the ides of march, stabby stabby, the whole—

SARAH: No, only sometimes, because the Romans did this weird thing where they counted the days in a month—

ELI: No no no, this isn't Romans After Dark, this is Linguistics After Dark, come see us live at CrossingsCon, August 15th through 17th, more details at crossingscon.org!

Wherein we learn how to learn how to read.

• 4:53 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Existential “be” versus straight copula
• 16:32 Topic of the day: Phonics vs. the 3-cueing model, AKA how learning to read works, and how teaching people to read works (or doesn’t)
• 1:37:43 The puzzler: “Second in command managed jewel branch. A boy, last minute, made breakfast spread (6,9)”

• The best holiday dinner foods
• Existential verbs
• Copulas
• The science of reading
• “Vibes-based reading” is probably not a fair term but also maybe not an inaccurate one
• The phonological processor
• FLOSZ rule
• Scribal O
• “Ghoti” is not pronounced “fish”
• 40% and 90% are different numbers
• The difference between being able to read and being able to read
• Statistically speaking, most people are not Sarah
• The four-part processing system model
• The orthographic processor
• Developmentally inappropriate fonts for kids
• Developmentally inappropriate fonts for Sarah on Duolingo
• Eli learns he’s a white girl from Ohio
• Sight-reading is not the same as whole-word reading
• The semantic processor
• Associating dogs and blueberries, dogs and bogs, or dogs and dishes
• The context processor
• Most people will not learn to read on their own
• If you’re good at something, don’t necessarily teach it
• For once on this podcast, an actual definitive answer! (Which some people might disagree with.)
• There is no “too late” in life to learn to read
• Where to learn to read, as an adult
• The nerdiest part of the episode
• The portion of our audience which comprises sailors from the 1800s

• Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind, by George Lakoff
• True Biz, by Sara Nović
• We may not actually have talked about scalar implicature by name on the pod? Sarah talked about it in a linguistics presentation at CrossingsCon, which we think may be what Eli and Sarah were (mis)remembering when they said we’d covered it early on. Potential future Language Thing of the Day…?
• Sixty-three percent of fourth-grade students performed at or above the NAEP Basic level in 2022, while thirty-seven percent of fourth-grade students performed below the NAEP Basic level. Only thirty-three percent of fourth-grade students performed at or above the NAEP Proficient level on the reading assessment in 2022.
• Not for the first time and not for the last: chriego and sgr
• Also not the for the first time, Canadian syllabics
• What The Font?
• The three-cueing system was developed by Ken Goodman, who almost certainly had undiagnosed dyslexia, and has been described as functionally teaching children to be dyslexic, rather than teaching anyone (with or without dyslexia) to actually read.
• Mapping where words are housed in the brain
• Jumbled words don’t actually work quite like that
• The style of writing Latin that Sarah refers to is called scripto continua
• The four-part processor diagram Kristen describes
• LETRS course with Louisa Moats and Carol Tolman
• UFLI is the University of Florida Literacy Institute
• The six syllable types in English orthography

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing is done by Charlie, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are done by Luca and Deren. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

Wherein we guess that’s part of our grammar now.

• 6:16 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Vowel shifts
• 44:23 Question 1: Why do British people say “I was sat there” instead of “I was sitting there,” are they afraid of gerunds or something?
• 57:11 Question 2: I’ve noticed distinctions between how numbers are pluralised and ordinalized not only between languages, but within them. English has “number mod 100 = 11 or 12 or 13, use ‘th’; number mod 10 = 1, use ‘st’; number mod 10 = 2, use ‘nd’; number mod 10 = 3, use ‘rd’; else, use ‘th’”, but the pluralization rules are just “1” and “not 1”. How do these distinctions evolve?
• 1:10:52 Question 3: What are the features of real languages that made you go “I can’t believe it’s not a conlang!”?
• 1:28:00 The puzzler: When we quizzed a group of musical artists about their favourite Pokemon, the answers were unsurprising: Daniel Merriweather said Charizard, Eiffel 65 chose Blastoise, Coldplay said Pikachu, Spandau Ballet chose Ho-Oh, Echo and the Bunnymen said Lugia, and New Order said Suicune. But what answer did the Kaiser Chiefs give?

• A weird bit of the Massachusetts-Connecticut border
• The guy who founded Chicago
• Sarah’s Unnamed Cocktail Corner
• The unfortunate timing with which printing became widespread in England
• Long and short vowels, which should be called tense and lax vowels because that’s what people notice anyway
• Eli does not attempt an Australian accent
• Merch idea: “I Guess That’s Part of My Grammar Now”
• The Northern Cities Vowel Shift
• The Mississippi River is not a Great Lake
• Sarah is not doing a corpus study of everything she’s ever said
• The Norman Conquest is not when the Great Vowel Shift happened
• Gerunds and nominalizing or adjectival suffixes
• Sarah out-grammars Eli
• Sit vs set and lie vs lay
• Humans are not computers
• Eli over-simplifies Japanese verb conjugation
• Noun classes sink Eli’s battleship
• Anything too systematic in other languages tends to make English speakers go “sounds fake but okay”
• Prepositions and cases are useful because they free you from each other
• The world’s laziest conlanger invented English

• We touched on accents, including what Sarah referred to as “the Chicago /ɑ/,” in episode 2!
• Other people talking about the Northern Cities vowel shift, including Wikipedia
• “Mississippi” does in fact mean “big river”! Specifically, it’s the French rendering of an Ojibwe name.
• The “near-front whatever whatever unrounded vowel” is more formally a “Near-open front unrounded vowel”. The IPA symbol is ⟨æ⟩, or “ash,” which is conveniently pronounced with the same vowel sound it means.
• The paper Eli mentioned about violence in linguistic example sentences was either Macaulay, Monica, and Brice, Colleen. 1994. Gentlemen prefer blondes: A study of gender bias in example sentences. In Cultural performances: Proceedings of the third Berkeley Women and Language Conference, ed. Bucholtz, Mary, Liang, A. C., Sutton, Laurel A., and Hines, Caitlin, 449–461. Berkeley: Berkeley Women and Language Group, or this one by the same authors. Also here’s a related and interesting paper he found while digging those citations up!
• English does still have a dual/plural distinction with some words! Examples include both/all, either/any, neither/none, between/among, former/first, and latter/last
• History of English podcast episode about numbers!
• First, second, third, -th, vs one-left & two-left

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing is done by Charlie, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are done by Luca. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

Wherein we enjoy swearing, big lakes, and ambiguity more than most people.

Jump right to:

• 6:25 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Swearing
• 26:10 After marrying my wife, who is from Chicago, I (who am a native of Boston) often get comments from my in-laws or wife's friends that my accent sounds "British" to them. I think that's ridiculous, but I'm wondering why I consistently get the observation that Bostonians are "British-sounding." Incidentally, I don't think I have a Boston accent at all, but a lot of them say that I do (I don't drop 'r's for example).
• 37:06 In a previous episode, you mentioned Linear B being a syllabary and that Linear A might be. How do we know this? What is cool about this? What fun things should we know?
• 1:01:20 On the topic of syntactic ambiguity I was wondering if there are different languages and grammar systems that are better at mitigating ambiguity compared to English? How do they do it and clarify things as to avoid overlap?
• 1:27:26 The puzzler: What do the English words “uncopyrightable” and “dermatoglyphics” have in common

Covered in this episode:

• Cherries
• Swearing
• Not swearing
• Objurgation is just a really excellent word
• Either everyone has an accent or no one has an accent
• England has too many accents
• Lake Champlain is not invited
• The only accents are Boston, Chicago, or British?
• 40 actual linguists with swords
• Confusing future archaeologists
• ꙮ
• You could write English entirely in katakana or romaji, but you shouldn’t
• Spaces between words are a mirage
• The Law of Conservation of Linguistic Ambiguity
• Frugivorous time flies are much less confusing in speech than text
• There is no Platonic realm of language
• Natural Language Processing
• Finishing other people’s sentences
• Puzzles designed for high class sailors from the 1800s

Links and other post-show thoughts:

• Lingthusiasm’s Little Longitudinal Language Acquisition Project onesies
• Swearing is becoming less taboo
• Swearing reduces pain
• How many categories of swear words there are depends on how any given study chooses to group them; three, four mostly, five, or more; in general, the list seems to be religion, sex/sexual acts, bodily functions, animals, family/mothers, death/disease, and slurs
• The list of functions of swear words that Sarah found
• Boston Brahmins
• The New England historical accent grid Sarah’s husband has mentioned is real! Eli’s guesses were backwards, however—the north–south distinctions are different vowel mergers, while the east–west distinctions are rhoticity: Northern New England accents have typically had the cot–caught merger, while southern New England accents have tended to have the father–bother merger; eastern New England is historically non-rhotic, while western New England is historically r-ful
• Eli was also wrong about the pin–pen merger; it’s one of the most well-known features of Southern American English, not at all associated with New England. (He may have been thinking of the cot–caught merger, which is most common in the northeastern US?)
• The Great Lakes vs Europe map overlay
• The Eskimo-snow myth
• Margalit Fox’s book on Linear B, and also her books on sign language, Arthur Conan Doyle, and two British soldiers escaping a POW camp with the help of a Ouija board
• Minoan civilization and Mycenaean Greece
• Michael and Alice are indeed the correct first names! Linear B was deciphered in 1952 by English architect and self-taught linguist Michael Ventris, based on the research of American classicist Alice Kober
• The fiber arts tumblr post Eli quoted
• Minute Cryptic

Ask us questions:

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.

Credits:

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing is done by Charlie, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are done by Luca. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

Wherein we have an actual disagreement on the podcast!

Jump right to:

Covered in this episode:

Links and other post-show thoughts:

Ask us questions:

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook, and on Slack at The Crossings.

Credits:

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing was done by Luca, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are a team effort. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)

Wherein we shove things away (with knives).

Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.

Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing for this episode was done by Luca, and show notes and transcriptions are a team effort. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod.

And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)