In this episode, Jon Alterman speaks to Dr. Kristin Smith Diwan, senior resident scholar at the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington. Kristin situates the UAE’s conscription program in the context of a “new nationalism” in Gulf Arab countries that seeks in part to galvanize citizens to contribute more actively to the state. Kristin also discusses how more specific identities—gender, socioeconomic class, and local affiliations—may shape how Emiratis and other Gulf citizens experience these efforts to foster nationalism.