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In this episode we cast a very wide net and cover some of the major intellectual minds of the late 19th century. In this episode we take a look at Darwin, Nietzsche, Einstein, Comte, Freud and other major intellectual minds that contributed to modernity.

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In this episode we look at how democracy develops in Great Britain with a review of the various reform bills, the development of liberal socialism and the Labour Party, and how women will get the right to vote with the help of Emmeline Pankhurst and the suffragettes.

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In this episode we look at how nationalism can divide a nation as it did in France in the 1890s with the Dreyfus Affair.

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In this episode we look at how the artistic movement known as realism developed from the radicalism of the 19th century.

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In this episode we look at how Otto Von Bismarck will use his Realpolitik ways to lead Germany to become the dominant power on the European continent and how he will use that power to maintain a balance of power.

In this episode we look at how Otto Von Bismarck of Prussia will use nationalism and warfare to unite Germany under the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm I.

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In this episode we look at the rise of Italian nationalism and the unification of Italy under the liberal monarchy of Victor Emmanuel II and Piedmont Sardinia.

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In this episode we look at why the Crimean War is a turning point in European history and how it leads to the end of the Concert of Europe.

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In this episode we look at how conservative monarchs in the middle of the 19th century will begin to adopt liberal and nationalistic measures in order to strengthen their power. Specifically, we look at Napoleon III in France, Alexander II in Russia, and Franz Joseph I in Austria-Hungary.

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In this second part in our series on the Revolutions of 1848 we look at the events in the Austrian Empire and the German Confederation, along with a discussion of why the revolutions ultimately failed.

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All 90+ episodes are available at Patreon.com/Lyndeurozone.