Dr Heather Sebo contrasts the traditions of women’s lament with the public orations associated with the communal burial of the war dead. It contrasts the traditional focus on personal grief and the irreplaceable uniqueness of the deceased individual with the political view of the dead as interchangeable and replaceable, as hero citizens who have done their duty in dying for the city but who will be replaced by others who will do the same. Sophocles’ Antigone (442 BCE) is very relevant to this issue in that it explores the psychological cost of suppressing the emotional expression of mourning and anticipates and the “replaceability argument”, especially as it will later be expressed in Perikles’ funeral oration (Thucydides 2.44.3).

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