The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease defines COPD as “a common, preventable and treatable disease that is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airway limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles of gases”. This episode is about patophysiology, diagnosis and symptoms of COPD.

Dabigatran is a type of medicine known as an anticoagulant, or blood thinner. Episode contains info about pharmacological properties, indications, dosage, contraindications and side effects.

Edoxaban is a highly selective, direct and reversible inhibitor of FXa (enzyme in the coagulation cascade). 

Episode contains info about pharmacological properties, indications, dosage, contraindications and side effects.

Rivaroxaban is a medication used to prevent or treat harmful blood clots. The episode includes information about pharmacological properties, indications, contraindications, side effects, cautions and prescribing considerations for dose adjustments.

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. The episode is a brief overview of main stages, chemicals involved and physiological effects.

Ramipril is a medication prescribed for a number of different reasons – mostly to reduce high blood pressure, to treat heart failure, or to protect the heart and blood vessels from further damage (following a heart attack, for example).

Formoterol is called a bronchodilator and it works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways so that air can flow into the lungs more freely. This helps to ease symptoms such as coughing, wheezing and feeling breathless. This episode is about general properties of Formoterol.

Breathing control is simply normal, gentle breathing, using the lower chest, with relaxation of the upper chest and shoulders.

Ref: https://www.blf.org.uk/support-for-you/breathlessness/how-to-manage-breathlessness

Sumatriptan is a medicine to treat migraines and cluster headaches. 

The episode is about mode of action, indications, dosage, contraindications, cautions and side effects.