Even though the cause of a brain hemorrhage was difficult to prove, the case was settled because management of the second twin's delivery was so difficult to defend.

A young patient didn't know about blindness risk before 12-hour, two-stage broken back surgery.

In this case, quicker identification of a compromised fetus required more precise EFM discussion, and a strategy for repeat examinations.

In this case, the patient presentation was 'atypical,' and the language and cultural divide between the providers and the family contributed to clinical issues not being resolved before discharge.

A lesion noted in a radiologist report was not followed before the patient died from metastatic lung cancer. In this case, communication miscues among an ordering physician specialist, the imaging specialist, and the PCP let the patient and the physicians down.

In this case, the patient and physician start out very optimistic, and experience increasing frustration with a problem the doctor is unable to solve. The question of when and how to seek a consult or refer the patient out, becomes a pivotal issue.

In this case, the facts suggest that a serious adverse outcome might be prevented by preparing for the worst, rather than expecting everything will go well.