This excerpt from a nutrition textbook examines the importance of minerals in human health. It begins by classifying minerals into two categories: major minerals (needed in larger amounts) and trace minerals (needed in smaller amounts). The text then explains the functions of each essential mineral, highlighting their roles in various metabolic processes, including bone health, energy production, water balance, and nerve function. The excerpt also discusses the recommended daily intake, deficiency symptoms, toxicity risks, and food sources of each mineral. Finally, it provides guidance on mineral supplementation for specific populations, such as pregnant women, adolescents, and individuals with certain health conditions.