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Well-endowed South Africa has huge opportunity 'right now' to grow mining sector

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South Africa has a huge opportunity "right now" to grow its mining sector so that mining is able to provide prosperity for the entire nation, Minerals Council South Africa CEO Mzila Mthenjane emphasised to Parliament's Portfolio Committee on Minerals on Tuesday, July 1.

Delivering a State of Mining in South Africa presentation to the committee chaired by Mika Mahlaule, Mthenjane was also quick to add, however, that to generate that nation-wide prosperity "we do need to acknowledge our current weaknesses", which he outlined as including limited exploration investment, rising electricity costs that increase operational expenses, dependence on Eskom's coal-fired power that presents ESG risk, inefficient transport that lowers competitiveness, slow licensing processes that deter investment, and a lack of advanced mining technology skills owing to the migration of expertise.

"The South African mining industry remains a key pillar of South Africa's economy. Whilst it has experienced a recession as a result of issues related to electricity and logistics, we're seeing a very, very positive collaboration within business itself, and more importantly, at a national level.

"The efforts of Operation Vulindlela and more recently Operation Vulindlela 2.0 are beginning to show results where electricity and logistics are concerned, and I think we're also going to begin to see some very positive crime and corruption results.

"Our mining industry is one that has been operating for more than 100 years, and this is one of the key strengths that we need to leverage today and going into the future.

"We need to act with speed and it's something that should bring us all together in what I'd like to think is politics and profit for the benefit of our people in South Africa and the region," Mthenjane pointed out.

SOUTH AFRICA'S STRENGTHS

South Africa strengths, he said, centred on being a leading global producer of platinum group metals (PGMs), manganese, and chromium, plus having significant remaining gold reserves that could be pursued using technology.

South Africa's hosting 80% of global PGM reserves, exportation of large volumes of manganese and production of chromium at global scale were supported, he outlined, by high-grade ores contributing to competitive on-mine costs and efficient processing capabilities, including those of a value-adding kind

Bad maintenance drawbacks must be overcome to enable road, rail, and port infrastructure already in place to improve export competitiveness.

He also pointed to the plus points of South Africa's active patent development, strong extraction and processing skillsets, and the emerging adoption of advanced extraction and processing technologies across different minerals.

SOUTH AFRICA'S OPPORTUNITIES

Mthenjane highlighted the opportunity to leverage off global demand for copper, chromium, manganese, and PGM, which is being driven by renewable energy, electric vehicles and battery storage.

"Expansion into clean-energy metals can drive sector growth and attract investment," he pointed out, "and downstream beneficiation and value-addition strategies can increase profit margins and export value."

South Africa also had the advantage of being able to leverage by-products to diversify revenue streams and enhance the economic viability of mining operations and junior mining companies were already pointing to growth potential in underexplored areas.

Re-establishing abandoned mines and expanding existing operations present the opportunity to increase critical mineral output.

"Improved resource custodianship can increase the reserve size and extend life of mine duration. Investing in solar and wind energy can reduce operat...

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The newly named Cementation Africa is excited about setting the rebranded business on a new growth path.

As part of preparations to operate outside of the Murray & Roberts Group, the new "own entity" has begun its rebranding and renaming process.

"We're extremely excited to continue under the Cementation brand. It's been a brand that we've been operating under prior to the merger with Murray & Roberts about 21 years ago.

"So, it's almost going back to our roots and we'll be utilising the same branding as our sister companies in the Americas and Canada, so that there's consistency in branding and naming conventions.

"We have our focus on Africa, hence the name Cementation Africa," Cementation Africa MD Japie du Plessis outlined Engineering News & Mining Weekly in an interview. (Also watch attached Creamer Media video.)

The rebranded Cementation Africa will continue to provide the same services to its clients.

It will continue to do shaft sinking, decline sinking, contract mining, and bulk excavations, with raise drilling and underground mining services continuing as specialities.

Its own in-house mine engineering design office will continue to offer design services to enable mammoth underground construction work and its world-class training academy in Carletonville will continue as one of its big contract mining differentiators.

Engineering News & Mining Weekly: Why has the name of your company been changed from Murray & Roberts Cementation to Cementation Africa?

Du Plessis: I think you're aware that the Murray & Roberts Group, and more specifically Murray & Roberts Limited, is currently in business rescue, and as part of the business rescue process, a consortium of investors led by the Differential Capital investment company, has bought out the mining businesses, both the mining business in South Africa, which is the business I'm leading, as well as the American business, the Canadian business, and they're buying that out of the Murray & Roberts Group. As part of our preparations to operate outside of the Murray & Roberts Group, as our own entity, we've started the rebranding and renaming process of our business.

What are the implications of this rebranding for yourselves and for the greater mining community?

For us, it's an opportunity for a new start. We've had two very challenging years that have passed, and for us it's almost a reset button that we can hit and we can steer the business in a new direction with the support of our new shareholder and without corporate drag and unsupportive shareholders. We're excited to embark on this new journey. Our new shareholders trust the management team. They believe in this business. It's a good business and we're looking forward to setting this business onto a new path of growth.

Give us insight into the specialised underground mine design and construction services that you offer.

We do all our own design and fabrication for our temporary services on all projects where we execute. We also do permanent infrastructure designs for our clients, ranging from headgear to shaft infrastructure designs. We design pump stations, loading stations, bulkheads, underground substations. If you can think of any, any requirement for underground mining, we can design and build it. We really do everything from feasibility all the way through to detailed design, fabrication, and then our project teams execute.

Over the past two decades, a large number of mine shafts have been sunk by yourselves. What is distinctive about Cementation Africa's shaft-sinking know-how?

We've really done a lot of shafts, about 15 000 m of shafts over the last two decades. It's something that we're extremely proud of, and I think what's distinctive is that we know how to sink shafts safely. We have, over m...

Africa's mining sector is entering a new period of disruption where risk has become a defining force shaping strategy, investment and operational performance, says consultancy dss+ in a newly released mining report.

The continent's critical mineral resources are central to global industrial, energy and technology systems, but shifting trade regimes, resource nationalism and increased scrutiny from governments, investors and communities are creating a more complex operating environment for mining companies.

These external pressures, coupled with internal ones such as rising input costs, degrading ore grades at existing sites and ageing infrastructure, are redefining what it takes to remain competitive and credible.

While the African mining industry has always operated under pressure shaped by commodity cycles, government expectations and social demands, the difference in 2025 is the convergence of these forces and the growing speed and complexity with which they affect performance on the ground.

The dss+ 'African Mining Trends' report outlines six macro forces that are accelerating disruption across the industry, including geopolitical realignment, strategic supply chains and digital integration.

"Succeeding in this environment will require stronger execution, sharper adaptability and more accountable leadership at every level of the organisation," dss+ mining and metals director Jaco Pieterse states.

He adds that risk is becoming a central lens through which performance is judged and that technical strength alone is no longer enough.

"The leaders who succeed in this environment are those who can execute under pressure, adapt rapidly and embed resilience in the fabric of their organisations," Pieterse explains.

The first macro trend identified in the report is geopolitical realignment and operational agility. As nations compete for mineral access and local asset control, companies must embed geopolitical awareness into enterprise risk and capital planning, Pieterse suggests.

He says governments in the US, EU and China are taking assertive steps to secure access to critical minerals through policy reforms, strategic partnerships and investment protection measures, to which many African governments have responded by asserting more control over resources and demanding greater alignment with national development goals.

Navigating shifting trade flows and new geopolitical dynamics effectively will require geopolitical awareness, scenario-based planning and readiness to engage with a broad range of public and private stakeholders, Pieterse states.

The next macro trend that has always been present in the industry, but now faces increased scrutiny, is safety. Despite past progress, serious incidents and fatalities persist in the global mining industry. To this end, leadership visibility, contractor integration and culture alignment are essential to improve outcomes.

Pieterse elaborates that ICMM member companies reported 36 fatalities in 2023, up from 33 in 2022. "It is not enough to rely on legacy systems or past improvements. To improve from here, safety must evolve from compliance to culture, and from procedures to shared responsibility," he suggests.

A key area for improvement is that of contractor risk exposure. Many contractors perform high-risk tasks but remain poorly integrated into core safety governance and culture. Pieterse suggests companies can also ensure that new safety tools such as wearables and digital permits are trusted and understood by employees.

Moreover, dss+ says workforce shortages, disengagement and culture gaps are increasingly undermining performance and that the future depends on inclusive, adaptive and empowered teams of people.

Pieterse confirms that leadership quality directly impacts workforce retention and engagement, adding that perceptions of poor leadership and working conditions can significantly affect productivity,

"Companies need to upskill their workforce, not only technically, but also beh...

Specialist alloy producer Afarak Group has announced it will sell its Zeerust chrome mine and processing assets, as well as the Zeerust mining right, to Plantcor Mining and Plant Hire, which is a private company incorporated in South Africa.

The Zeerust operation is located 35 km east of the Bushveld Complex, in North West, South Africa.

The companies have signed a sale agreement with a total purchase price for the transaction penned at R40-million, or €2-million.

Afarak says the deal will positively impact its balance sheet and facilitate working capital.

The company continues to own and operate the Vlakpoort and Mecklenburg mines in South Africa, which produce chrome ore for sale to global markets.

Afarak's speciality alloys segment also supplies low carbon ferrochrome, extra low carbon ferrochrome and high chrome ferrochrome from mining operations in Turkey and has processing operations in Germany.

About 16-million tons of the group's chrome ore reserves are in South Africa, while the Turkish reserves comprise 7.1-million tons.

JOHANNESBURG (miningweekly.com) - The UK government is promising Africa a fresh in-Africa value-adding approach to the mining and minerals development it will be going all out to partner and promote.

This promise was spelt out firmly this week by UK trade envoy for Southern Africa Calvin Bailey, MP.

In a zealous keynote address at the London Indaba, Bailey pointed out that many of the crucial minerals vital to key green technologies are particularly present in Southern Africa, his area of interest.

The panel discussion in which Bailey took part was moderated by Herbert Smith Freehills Africa chairperson, South Africa's Peter Leon, and took place at this week's London Indaba, which is organised by South Africa's Resouces4Africa and chaired by mining luminary Bernard Swanepoel.

"Here in the UK, our government is setting out its plans for economic growth to make Britain a clean energy superpower," Bailey revealed.

The industrial strategy, published this week, aims to grow UK sectors such as advanced manufacturing, defence, clean energy and digital technology industries, which rely on critical mineral supplies.

"This is also a central part of the UK's Strategic Defence Review. A secure supply of critical minerals is a key enabler for these visions and strategies.

"This is why this summer, the Department of Business and Trade, will publish its new industrial strategy and critical minerals strategy that will drive forward the green industries of the future and help secure our supply chains for the long term.

"The new critical minerals strategy will refine the UK's approach to its domestic production of critical minerals, including developing our own strengths in midstream processing and recycling.

"It will also support the aims of the UK's new circular economy strategy, driving ambitious reforms to promote recycling and retention of critical minerals," Bailey told attendees at the event covered by Mining Weekly.

He emphasised the UK government's seriousness about optimising its own domestic critical minerals capabilities, "producing more and better in the UK".

This, he said, was why, through the National Wealth Fund, the UK had invested £28-million in the South Crofty tin project, which being developed by Cornish Minerals, and £24-million in the Cornish Lithium Travelamore project to mine and refine better grade lithium in the UK.

"However, the UK cannot achieve its critical minerals goals alone," Bailey pointed out.

Strategic international collaboration would, he said, be essential to meet the supply needs of UK growth businesses and to promote the global resilience of responsible and sustainable supply chains.

"The new strategy will set out our plans to build targeted growth partnerships with key allies, including resource-rich nations across the Africa continent.

"The strategy will also cement our commitment to multilateral cooperation on critical minerals through fora like the G20 and the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP) forum," Bailey explained.

The promising G20 summit that South Africa is hosting in Johannesburg on November 22 and 23, will be attended by Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Through the multilateral G20 and the bilateral MSP engagements, the UK would, Bailey said, seek to deploy UK export finance for overseas projects that supplied critical minerals, as well as for products that contained critical minerals to the UK, fuelling the UK's net-zero energy transition.

The strategy would, Bailey added, also set out how international partners could benefit from the UK strengths, ranging from the City of London as a global centre for mining finance and commodities training, to Britain's research and development academia and the know-how of the Camborne School of Mines, the British Geological Survey, and a network of universities that developed c...

Mining Weekly Editor Martin Creamer unpacks latest news coming out of the London Indaba, as well as the three power purchase agreements that Richards Bay Minerals has signed and what this means for the company’s energy consumption.

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Globally, the mining sector - except the gold industry - had a challenging 2024, with declining revenues and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (Ebitda) as the industry grappled with rising costs and tightening margins.

During 2024, revenue, excluding trading, declined to $689-billion, from $697-billion in 2023, while Ebitda decreased 5% to $193-billion, from $204-billion in 2023, and net profit remained at $92-billion.

The rising costs and narrowing margins placed pressure on much of the industry, pushing overall Ebitda margins down to 22%, compared to 24% in 2023, according to the PwC's 'Mine 2025: Concentrating on the future' report.

The revenue and Ebitda of the top 40 mining companies, excluding gold-focused firms, declined 3% and 10% respectively, while gold revenues increased by 15% amid record gold prices, and gold Ebitda rose to 32% as a result of operating leverage.

In its 2025 forecast, the PwC Mine 2025 report indicated that total revenue, excluding trading, for the global mining sector will reach $698-billion in 2025, with Ebitda of $190-billion and an Ebitda margin maintained at 22%.

However, strategic opportunities are emerging, said PwC Africa energy, utilities and resources leader Andries Rossouw.

Unpacking the report's focus on the role that mining plays in expanding and interlocking domains of human activity, he explained that PwC examined the ways that value is being put into motion, as megatrends - and the responses to them - dictate developments in supply, demand and investment.

Discussing concentration risk, which arose from the natural endowment of mineral resources that could not be changed and the enabling environments created by countries, he said that, over the years, there had been a rise in the concentration of both reserves and production, as well as the development of substantial mismatches between the two.

"The concentration of mining and processing in a small number of geographies creates the risk that global supply and prices will be affected by location-specific challenges such as natural disasters, wars, social unrest, political or regulatory changes and infrastructure failures."

Countries have adopted various strategies to secure supply and leverage the value of key commodities.

"Megatrends are transforming the industry, driving the need for new supply chains, influencing national strategies, fostering innovative collaborations and unlocking new value pools," he continued.

"As the world undergoes rapid urbanisation, transitions to new energy sources and embraces technological advancements, the demand for mined resources continues to grow. These global forces are reshaping industries, making mining central to how we move, build, feed, care for and power society."

However, if mining companies are to create value for stakeholders in the emerging world of domains, they need to future-proof their businesses.

The growth of these domains also offers potential for mining companies to become involved in other industries that help mines operate more effectively.

These efforts often result in economic development initiatives that provide benefits to the climate and to broader society.

"Beyond the domains of growth, key trends such as population growth, the energy transition, environmental impact, technology innovation and artificial intelligence, access to funds as well as policy and regulation are expected to shape the future of the industry," said Rossouw.

"However, as we forge ahead, one thing is certain: collaboration will be essential - in 2025, in 2030 and in 2035."

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China sees pleasing Africa as a form of insurance against trade war impacts, Sydney University Associate Professor Dr Lauren Johnston spelt out at the London Indaba, the annual event organised by South Africa's Resources4Africa.

"China has invested dramatically in domestic electrification, ranging from manufacturing cars to building solar panel installations everywhere. It has tried as much as possible to make its economy resilient of oil and gas imports. On top of that has been the drop off in demand for China's exports and the combination of those two aspects means that, going forward, China's demand for oil and gas and other commodities is very, very different from how it was in the past," Johnston told the event covered by Mining Weekly.

Speaking from Melbourne Airport ahead of a flight to West Africa's Ivory Coast, Johnston pointed out that following the launching by the US of the first trade war during the first term of President Donald Trump, China promised Africa that it would launch the China Africa Trade Forum, which took place last week in Changsha, the capital of Hunan, the location that has given rise to the far-reaching Africa-focused round-the-clock rollout of China's all-embracing and vibrant Hunan model.

As it turns out, China's model from Hunan is a huge new source of trade growth amid China embracing Africa as its prime long-run growth collaborator to offset US trade loss, Johnston highlighted.

The province of Hunan is where China solved it's agricultural issues. It's the home of the green revolution, a sort of Nile basin of China, and it has a lot of minerals of its own.

Hunan is the home of Sany, which provides heavy industry equipment including from its considerable South African base. iI's also the home of BYD, which provides electrified vehicle mobility, as well as being the home of China's green railway industry.

"The Hunan model is now this amazing model where China is focused on every aspect of how they can develop China-Africa ties, not only driven by this structural change in China and pressure from America and the West wanting new growth models, but also driven to unlock every obstacle in the way of advancing China-Africa ties," Johnston explained.

"There's this huge 'going out' model into Africa, which is totally perfectly primed to tap into Africa's resource nationalism.

"China has very close political ties with countries in Southern Africa, so that's South Africa, Namibia, Tanzania, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, all countries governed by liberation movements, and therefore China has a background of close political ties and a central leadership school just outside of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, where they build these ties.

"They bring leaders to dialogue on how they're going to develop the region. All of that not only goes into helping China to avoid trade war impacts, but given that China has also electrified itself to diminish its own need to import raw commodities, China sees that pleasing Africa is a form of insurance against these trade wars," Johnstone added during a panel discussion headed by Herbert Smith Freehills Africa chairperson, South Africa's Peter Leon.

Leon: From a mining perspective, how do you see that Hunan model playing out?

Johnston: Zimbabwe and Tanzania are both fascinating stories because China has such deep ties with the two of them. One of the things about Zimbabwe is that it's a very useful place for China's green energy railway and green car companies. Given the green transportation link in Hunan, there's a whole zone dedicated to overcoming the problems of China-Africa trade and investment - 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Then Tanzania is a gateway to a much bigger region, and a political stability heartland. Hence, they've opened technical and vocat...

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There are only two countries in Africa that currently make their geological survey data open to the world.

"Malawi is the first, and I believe Nigeria is the second," Vale Base Metals chairperson Mark Cutifani pointed out on day-one of the London Indaba, chaired by South Africa's mining luminary Bernard Swanepoel. (Also watch attached Creamer Media video.)

Delivering the opening keynote address, Cutifani said: "I would ask, and this is a plea to every country in Africa, if you want investment, open source your geological survey data, allow it to be transparent and demand value for access to your resources, and make it an open conversation.

"It deals with the perception of corruption at the same time. We have to be open, we have to be transparent, and we have to take these issues on in full view.

"When it's done, I have no doubt it'll be successful for all those concerned. That was a conversation we had regarding the DRC and other nations who were considering making this big step - and it is a big step. I congratulate Malawi and others, and I encourage the rest of the continent - and by the way, this is a plea across the globe. If you want transparency, it you competitive tension in vying for capital to deliver on the resources we need to run the world, these are the sort of processes that we have to put in place, and we're starting to see it.

"That, I think, is great news for Africa, and I'm very excited by the potential. When you had a group of Africans talking to Silicon Valley people about where copper will come from in the future, and they looked at the grade of the deposits, that's a conversation to behold. That's the moment we're at. That's the potential we have, and it's an exciting time. I hope we're on the cusp of something very special.

"As Bernard said, there's no such thing as critical minerals. They're all critical, depending on the time and place, supply, demand, it moves around. Iron-ore is critical. Copper is critical. Nickel is critical. They all have their time. It's understanding the cycles and investing for the long term to deliver on your potential, and Africa's got the potential," Cutifani highlighted.

"Last week I listened to a great presentation last from Moses Engadu, Secretary-General of the African Minerals Strategy Group. He declared, and I quote, 'Africa doesn't need charity. Africa needs capital to develop its potential. You don't trust us, and we don't trust you, and we've got lots of history to demonstrate we're on the right side of that equation. If you come to make a quick buck, we'll take your money, but if you come to invest in good faith, we will work as partners with you to deliver special outcomes'.

"It was one of the best speeches I've heard. Not only did he talk about the nature of the relationship and how we have to work together, he also made some really positive points on how we can do this together."

Only 1.8% of US venture capital funds invest in Africa. "They understand that this must change, and to change those numbers, they have to do things differently," said Cutifani, who is well known in South Africa as the former CEO of AngloGold Ashanti and Anglo American.

ZAMBIA UNDERTAKING EXTENSIVE SURVEY

Zambia is currently undertaking the world's most extensive airborne geophysical survey, and in two years, the Central African country will likely have the world's most comprehensive geophysical database.

"This is another African country taking bold steps to change their development arc, and they are building the new Africa. As we develop resources, the allocation of development funds and support for local infrastructure will be key, as it will be for health and education, building that infrastructure that will build the continent, and the beneficiaries will be us as ...

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The three power purchase agreements that Richards Bay Minerals (RBM) has signed to date will provide the lion's share of this energy-intensive Rio Tinto group company's current energy needs.

RBM, a northern KwaZulu-Natal heavy mineral sands miner and refiner, produces materials used in everyday products that range from paints to smartphones.

"When all these power purchase agreements are in place, we'll generate roughly 1.5 terawatt hours, which is about 80% of our annual power consumption," RBM GM growth strategy Bradley Reddy pointed out to Mining Weekly in an exclusive online interview. (Also watch attached Creamer Media video.)

Electricity consumption comprises around 1.6-million tonnes of CO2e, which represents 80% of annual greenhouse gas emissions.

The three projects under way are expected to reduce RBM's annual Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 60% - representing 1.4-million tonnes of CO2e from a 2018 baseline.

A total of 500 MW of renewables generation capacity has been secured for RBM, which consumes 1.8 terawatt hours of power a year.

All three of the power purchase agreements with independent power producers (IPPs) are under construction.

Bolobedu, the 130 MW photovoltaic solar farm with Voltalia, has the capacity to generate around 300 GWh of energy a year. This project, located some 120 km east of Polokwane in Limpopo, is scheduled to come online in the fourth quarter of this year.

A year later, the 140 MW wind farm under way with African Clean Energy Developments (ACED), near Swellendam in the Western Cape, is due to come online.

Then, in the first half of 2027, the 230 MW power purchase agreement RBM signed with Red Rocket, is expected to come online at Overberg wind farm, in the Western Cape.

"The power purchase agreements that we've signed to date are expected to reduce Scope 2 emissions quite significantly. When we look at our entire decarbonisation portfolio, we've got a pipeline of opportunities, and hence we believe that RBM will achieve the group target of 50% decarbonisation reduction by 2030."

All major equipment has been delivered to site at Bolobedu and contractors have been mobilised at Overberg, where the concrete batch plant has been established. This plant will supply the concrete for the foundations of the wind turbines, "so we're quite excited about the progress being made", an upbeat Reddy enthused.

Additionally, the components for the Khangela Emoyeni wind farm with ACED, near Murraysburg in the Western Cape and Northern Cape provinces, have arrived at the Coega port - "and so we're quite pleased with the progress that the IPPs are making", Reddy added.

Mining Weekly: Is wheeling living up to expectations given the transmission grid constraints?

Reddy: Although South Africa faces several challenges with regards to grid and generation capacity constraints, we believe that the wheeling framework which Eskom has had in place for a number of years, has been a key contributor to successes achieved with the private sector participation in the South Africa's electricity market at this at this point. So, yes, wheeling is living up to expectations.

Are energy aggregators providing the opportunity for shorter offtake arrangements?

One of the benefits of having an interconnected transgression system and wheeling framework is that it enables aggregators to diversify both on the generation mix as well as customer portfolio and having a diversified portfolio of generation facility and customer base makes it possible to have more flexible offtake arrangements.

What energy storage arrangements have been made?

From an RBM perspective, we continue to explore energy storage opportunities. Most of our energy projects that I've mentioned have some level of storage authorisation already built in. With ...