Photonic technologies like lab-on-a-chip are taking out a lot of the head-scratching and tedium that goes along with traditional diagnostic methods, giving patients and clinicians access to technology that is cheaper, quicker, and often more reliable. Andrea Armani, the Ray Irani Chair in Engineering and Materials Science at the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, is working at the forefront of this exciting technology and others that promise to revolutionize the world of medicine. In this episode, Armani discusses the current landscape of lab-on-a-chip technology, optogenetics, and the current and potential capabilities of both. She also discusses the path to commercialization, and what these advancements in nanomedicine may mean for the future.