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Written by John Davis

Narrated by Joshua Noyer

Davis, John (1892). Pp 30-32. In The People's cause. Boston, MA: Arena Pub.

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Participants: Joshua Noyer, Brandon Lenig, John Savage, and Marianne Savage.

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Written and Narrated by Joshua Noyer

From the Article: American democracy, at its core, is about the value of an act in itself. Absent the State, the lack of restraint by a governing force is looked upon as a good in itself, hence the value put upon our supposed right to “freedom of speech”, regardless of the content or volume of the speech concerned.

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Written by Theodore Roosevelt

Narrated by Joshua Noyer

From the Article: The absence of effective State, and, especially, national, restraint upon unfair money-getting has tended to create a small class of enormously wealthy and economically powerful men, whose chief object is to hold and increase their power. The prime need is to change the conditions which enable these men to accumulate power which is not for the general welfare that they should hold or exercise.

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Written by Giovanni Gentile

Narrated by Joshua Noyer

From the Article: By idealism on the other hand we mean that higher point of view from which we discover the impossibility of conceiving a reality which is not the reality of thought itself. For it reality is not the idea as a mere object of the mind, which therefore can exist outside of the mind, and must exist there in order that the mind may eventually have the means of thinking it. Reality is this very thought itself by which we think all things, and which surely must be something if by means of it we want somehow to affirm any reality whatsoever

GENTILE, Giovanni. The Reform of Education , translated by Dino Bigongiari, 63–84. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1922.

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Written and Narrated by Joshua Noyer

From the Article: There is no decision made which is value free, whether it comes to tax rates, education, or even which medical procedures to allow or not allow. All choices reflect a worldview and system of values. The difference between ostensibly democratic and totalitarian governments is simply one of priorities.

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Written by F.H. Bradley

Narrated by Joshua Noyer

From the Article: In developing my property, etc., as this or that man, I am doing my duty to the state, for the state lives in its individuals: and I do my duty again in another way by giving up to the use of the state my property and person, for the individual lives in the state. What other view will justify the facts of political life?

Bradley, F.H. Essay. In Ethical Studies: Selected Essays, 140–47. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1951.

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Written by Josiah Royce

Narrated by Joshua Noyer

From the Article: As a fact, then, the unity of the Spirit, the religious life which has been and is embodied in the form of human fraternities, is the peculiar possession of no one time, or nation, and belongs to no unique and visible church. Yet such unity is a source of religious insight.

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Participants: Joshua Noyer, John Savage, and Douglas Burnett

Religion and the State are discussed by Joshua Noyer and John Savage.