Nepal Now: On the move

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From Kathmandu to Kabul is not really that far in this era of daily intercontinental flights. And today’s guest Prem Awasthi is also fortunate in that he gets to make the return trip home at least every six weeks. But still, he already feels that less than a year after migrating to work abroad, his roots in his homeland are somehow shallower. 

If you missed it, Prem was the first ever guest of the show after we relaunched earlier this year to focus solely on migration and Nepal. In that chat, he told us about his early life in Doti district, in Nepal’s Far West region. When he spoke you could hear his deep attachment to that place, so I wonder—for him, does living and working in Kabul not only mean being away from his country, but does it also signify one more step away from his deepest roots, in his home village?

In our latest chat, which we recorded at Himal Media in Patan Dhoka, we also discuss if Prem has become comfortable in his new, less visible role, on a much larger team, that he’s taken on in Afghanistan. His tasks there are much different than during the nearly two decades that he worked on the frontlines of humanitarian assistance for the UN in Nepal. 

Finally, Prem has some thoughts for others who might be contemplating a similar move. 

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Today’s episode is not a migration story; you could even call it a non-migration story. I’m chatting with someone successful enough in her field that you could easily imagine her skills being in demand in many other countries, and that she could leave Nepal if she wished. But of course she hasn’t. 

Like many Nepalis, Dr Rojina Shilpakar went to Bangladesh to study medicine, then returned to Nepal. Searching for a niche, she found it quite fast at Sushma Koirala Memorial Hospital, performing surgery on survivors of burns. Today she is deputy medical director at the hospital, a trainer of burns surgery at the regional level, and an advocate for training of health personnel working outside Kathmandu, so that burn survivors who arrive in the capital have a better chance of survival. 

As much as I enjoyed this conversation, I hesitate to draw any lessons from Rojina’s story that might apply to Nepal more broadly. The experiences she’s lived and the decisions she made are unique to her. What I do know from our chat, is that she has been able to find a job in Nepal that challenges her and that she is devoted to. I wish that more people will find themselves in such a situation. 

Thank you as always to Himal Media for welcoming me into their studio for this recording. And a warning: there are some graphic descriptions of surgery in this episode. Please take care while listening.

Resources

Sushma Koirala Memorial Hospital, Facebook page

Interburns network

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Up until now I've been recording most of these episodes speaking into a half-empty clothes cupboard. It's sounded surprisingly good, at least to me, but from next week I will have a slightly more professional setup: a dedicated — though tiny — space, basic soundproofing on the walls, and a new mic. I hope we'll be able to hear the difference.

In migration news this week, I came across an article featuring data on students going overseas to study in the past year. I must admit that my western bias shows when I say that I didn't even imagine the country that was the #1 destination — Japan. Why Japan? Thanks to a engaging documentary by Dipesh Kharel, The Japanese Dream: Nepali students in Japan, I learned that there are many reasons. First, visa requirements are  easier for Japan than for some other countries. Once there, students can work part-time — a set number of hours a week — which is also key. 

By the way, according to the documentary, there were 45,000 Nepali students in the country in 2023. This compares to 5,000 Nepalis in total in Japan in 2005. A fun fact that I learned: there are 600 Nepali restaurants in Tokyo alone.

Dipesh follows a handful of students, from when they're studying Japanese in Nepal and planning to migrate, to their arrival in Japan and in later years, juggling responsibilities of work and family. I like that he doesn't paint a fake, rosy portrait, but shows some of their hard times also. There's a particularly poignant scene when he's interviewing the father of Rajkumar, who's now in Japan. The father tells him that the day his son learned that he got his visa he had the equivalent of $18. Six days later he had raised $15,000 so his son could migrate. "I can't pay this back," he told his son, meaning the burden was now shifted to the young man.

Resources

Nepali students' destinations

Documentary about Nepali students in Japan, by Dipesh Kharel

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Mistreatment of migrant workers, especially those forced to work in hot, dangerous conditions, created huge headlines in the run-up to the Qatar World Cup in 2022, thanks in part to the work of today’s guest—journalist Pramod Acharya. Pramod’s subsequent reporting also made the news globally. Also done in collaboration with journalists around the world, it spotlighted the conditions faced by Nepalis and others working in Amazon warehouses in Saudi Arabia, and led to Amazon changing some of its work practices.

For that reporting, Pramod and his colleagues have received numerous nominations and awards, including—for the Amazon work—the Excellence in International Reporting award from the Asian American Journalists Association and the Human Rights Press Award, from Human Rights Watch and others. Today he’ll tell us how and where he got his start in journalism, how migration from Nepal has changed in the decade since he started investigating it, and the role that the media might play in making positive change. 

Resources

One of Pramod’s reports on the Qatar World Cup
A report from Pramod on Amazon warehouses
Centre for Investigative Journalism, Nepal 

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Last week the show reached 80 episodes. It's not a significant number, except that it brings us closer to what will be a milestone—100 episodes. I figure we'll reach that at around the end of the year, and will definitely want to mark it somehow. Maybe with T-shirts, other 'merch', or a Best Of episode? How about an online party? If you have any ideas to celebrate, send them along using the text message link at the top left of these notes.

In migration news this week, Republica newspaper reported that the government had put 'on hold' 548 manpower agencies. These are the companies that arrange jobs for migrant workers going abroad, and which are constantly being accused of over charging and otherwise trying to take advantage of workers. 548 is a huge figure, given that the total number of agencies is said to be about 850 - 870, but based on the accusations that fly around about deceitful agencies, it's not all that surprising. The big question for me is: will these companies soon be let off the hook or will they actually be punished somehow?

This week's other news that I noted is an argument that the 'brain drain' of educated students should actually be considered a 'brain circulation'. The authors suggest that eventually the students give back a huge amount to their home countries, via remittances and other means. I would like to see more statistics behind these claims, but it's certainly an interesting theory.

Next week we'll be speaking with Nepali journalist Pramod Acharya. His reporting about Nepalis working in Persian Gulf countries, especially those building stadiums for the World Cup in Qatar and others working in Amazon warehouses in Saudi Arabia, has earned him many awards and high praise.

Let us know what you thought of this week's episode, on social media, via email or text message.

Resources

Manpower agencies suspended

Brain drain or brain circulation?

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It’s amazing what you can find when curiosity is your guide.

I was on a reporting trip in Taplejung district in northeast Nepal, bordering Tibet and India. I had an extra day so I thought I’d look for a school that provides meals to its students. It’s a topic I’ve been following for the past couple of years. I asked a guy I met at the hotel if he knew of a school principal in town— it turned out that he was the head of the committee of a local school. He took me to see the noon meal being served, then gave me a tour of the entire school area.

I was shocked to see a new building that might have been imported from Europe. With a light-coloured exterior of sharp angles, inside it featured huge windows, tall ceilings, a super wide, wooden staircase, and — perhaps most pleasantly surprising to me — a coffee bar.

The astonishing looking building in Taplejung, on the grounds of Bhanu Jana Secondary School, is the IT Academy. It’s been running for the past couple of years and includes a studio, where we recorded this episode, with Head Teacher Kishor Kumar Rai. The main aim of the Academy is to train recent graduates with online skills so that they can work from Taplejung instead of joining the tens of thousands of young people migrating from Nepal every month. The IT Academy was built with support from the Human Practice Foundation, a non-profit from Denmark,

So far the Academy has graduated 61 young people. 14 of them are employed online as digital creators for companies in places including Denmark, Singapore and South Korea. Those are small numbers, I know, but you have to start somewhere and it does seem that the management team has a growth plan. By the way, the donor that Kishor Rai mentions is Mr Waldemar Schmidt. Learn more about the IT Academy in our conversation now.

Resources

IT Academy

Bhanu Jana Secondary School (Facebook)

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I want to start this week with a shout out to Tanka, who shared our 3 latest episodes on LinkedIn, including his favourite. His top choice was our chat with Raj and Sunita, who met, online, while working in Gulf countries, got married in Nepal and are now living here again, at least temporarily. Although they’re now pregnant, they appear destined to be a migration family, as Raj is now trying to get a work visa for South Korea.

Do you have a favourite episode of the show? If so, why not let us know via LinkedIn or other social channels. You can also text the show by clicking the link above. If you're in the US or Canada it's free, it costs 6 rupees from Nepal, and outside of these areas normal charges would apply.

This week's news about migration includes the Government of Nepal recruiting 500 men and women to work in Israel as assistants in long-term care centres. There have been some online protests about the government working with Israel because of its ongoing attack on Gaza, but I don’t expect that will affect applications

Coming up next week we'll be speaking with award-winning journalist Pramod Acharya, who reports about migration, including human rights abuses, of Nepali and other workers, during the building of World Cup facilities in Qatar. He also worked with other media to uncover abusive practices in Amazon warehouses in Saudi Arabia.

News links

Recruiting Nepali workers for Israel

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If you’ve been listening to this show since we re-launched in March to focus only on migration, I think, like me, you would have started to see that there is no one type of migration story. Yes, there are two large groups of migrants — people going abroad to work and others going to study. But within those are a vast number of sub-groups, for example, people going to work because they cannot imagine any other way to earn money (and then within that group are the people who walk across the border to India because they can’t afford the cost of flying to work in another foreign country). Among those who can afford an air ticket, are Nepalis who can access enough cash only to make it to a Persian Gulf country, not Europe, and so on. I think you get my point. 

Today’s guest, Prakash Gurung, has tried to migrate both to study and to work. And he’s certainly not alone in doing that. But from what I understand after our chat, and re-listening as I was editing it this week, he might belong to another sub-group: people who could earn enough money to get by in the capital Kathmandu if they found a job, but who think they could do better working overseas, even if it means doing the same work. 

When we talked a few months ago at the Himal Media studio in Patan Dhoka, Prakash told me that since he finished ‘plus-2’ – what might be called grades 11 and 12 in other countries – he has tried to get a study visa for the US and when that failed, working visas for Croatia and the Netherlands. None of those came through either, and he was working as a driver for the ride-sharing app Pathao when we met. Doing his plus-2, Prakash focused on hospitality so I mentioned the large number of 5-star hotels that are sprouting in Kathmandu. Prakash said he would definitely be willing to work in one of them, but even if he did manage to get a job, he would probably keep seeking an overseas opportunity, because the pay would be better. 

But then later in our chat he stated that before going abroad, Nepalis should try first to find an opportunity at home. I remember thinking that sounded contradictory, but on second thought it might simply be a reflection of how complicated a migration journey can be. 

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Thank you to listener Trilok for pointing out a typo that was on the Nepal Now webpage for almost 4 years, from episode #1. I'm embarrassed but grateful to his sharp eyes.  

Please keep the feedback coming, via LinkedIn, as Trilok did, or at the other social channels listed below. You can also email: nepalnowpod(at)gmail.com, or text the show at the link at the top left. It's a US number so the usual messaging charges would apply.

I don't think we have many listeners who use Google Podcasts but if you do, that option will soon be discontinued according to reports, so you’ll need to find a new app. We’re available on most of them — Apple Podcasts, Spotify, PocketCasts, Deezer, and many more — so don’t forget to make the move.

Recent news about migration and Nepal included a poignant report in Nepali Times that quoted family members of 12 migrants who ended up fighting for the Russian Army and died on the battlefield. This reflects the desperation people must feel to earn money to keep their families afloat. 

You can hear other news items in the audio, and check out the links below. 

Coming up next week

We speak with Prakash Gurung, who keeps trying to move overseas but is yet to succeed. Why does he keep trying? 

Resources 

-       Remittances and farm households’ income

-       Nepali Times – migrants’ deaths in Russia

-       Nepali youth in Hong Kong

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Today we’re back with another personal story—two in fact: those of Raj and Sunita. I gotta admit, what I like about this story is the romance element, which is something we haven’t heard from other guests so far. What they told us, when we recorded in the ACORAB studio in Chakupat, Patan, was that they were both working in Persian Gulf countries when a colleague suggested that they become Facebook friends. Sunita and Raj then chatted online for three years before finally meeting. You’ll have to keep listening to get the full story, but it does include chocolate, flowers and a very large spoon. 

I’m having fun with this story, but I want to be clear about something—it’s not a fairy tale. Yes, Sunita and Raj found one another in what would seem like unusual circumstances to many of us. But there are millions of labour migrants worldwide, so I’m sure that many, many couples come together, like Raj and Sunita, while working abroad. Meanwhile, they experience life as migrant workers — the shock of living in a foreign country, without their language, food  customs, and — especially — family, a family they might not get to see for years. They might face discrimination or mental, physical, and even sexual abuse, and there’s a chance that somewhere along the way, someone will try to cheat them out of their hard-earned money. 

What I’m trying to say is that a migrant worker’s life is difficult, one that few people would choose if they had options. But except in the most extreme, harsh circumstances, their lives are multifaceted, like all of ours, and include pain, joy and yes, romance. And I hope this episode reveals a more fully rounded portrait of two migrants’ lives. 

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