The Kingdom of Asturias greatly expanded its borders under King Alfonso III of Asturias (866-910), nicknamed the Great. Episode 38 covers most aspects of his reign and the final years of his father, Ordoño, including the origins of Castile and Portugal as counties, the society of comital Castile, and the tragic story of the end of Alfonso's reign with the revolt of his sons and the division of the Kingdom of Asturias.

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TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:22 The End of Musa ibn Musa 03:41 The Conditions of Asturian Expansion 06:17 The Birth of the County of Castile 12:24 Settlement and Power in Comital Castile 16:45 Alfonso the Great, King in Asturias 21:03 Expansion on the Western Flank: The Counties of Portugal and Coimbra 24:57 Ibn al-Qitt and the Day of Zamora 29:10 Revolts and Conspiracies. The Division of the Kingdom of Asturias 33:04 The Verdict: Alfonso the Not So Great 34:14 Outro

In episode 37, we explore the political history of the Iberian Peninsula in the 850s, with events such as a major rebellion in Toledo, the expansion of Asturias into León and Astorga under Ordoño I of Asturias, the founding of Madrid, and conflicts with the Banu Qasi and the Vikings. It was a period of significant political change that heralded the civil war that swept through the Emirate of Córdoba shortly afterward.

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TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:27 The rise to the throne of Muhammad I of Córdoba 02:13 The Rebellion of Toledo and the Battle of Guadacelete 09:43 The Asturian Incorporation of León and Astorga 12:54 The Islamic Foundation of Madrid 16:04 Musa ibn Musa, Lord of the Upper March. The Battle of Albelda 22:16 The Vikings Return: The Expedition of 858–860 25:30 The Verdict: Making the Enemy Bigger Than He Really Was 26:27 Outro

In episode 36, we explore the political history of the Kingdom of Asturias under Kings Alfonso II, Nepotian, and Ramiro I. I also discuss the origins of the Jacobean cult and the emergence of Asturian pre-Romanesque art.

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TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:22 Alfonso II of Asturias versus Abd al-Rahman II 06:05 The Origin of the Cult of Saint James 12:12 Ramiro versus Nepotian for the Asturian Throne 15:21 The Reign of Ramiro I of Asturias 18:25 Asturian Pre-Romanesque Art 26:35 The Verdict: The Power of a Lie 27:29 Outro

In episode 35, I talk about the voluntary martyrs of Córdoba, the Jewish convert Bodo, the Black musician Ziryab, the situation of the Abbasid Caliphate from its foundation to the year 861, and how Islamic justice worked.

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Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:25 The Martyrs of Córdoba 08:35 Bodo, the Deacon who Became a Jew 11:25 Ziryab, the Influencer of Abd al-Rahman II's Court 18:01 The Abbasid Caliphate up to 861 25:03 Maliki Islamic Law and the Ulema 36:04 The Verdict: The Danger of Focusing on Exceptions 37:19 Outro

How did al-Andalus become a country of Arab culture and a Muslim majority? Was there good coexistence between the Muslims, Christians, and Jews of al-Andalus? What legal restrictions were imposed on Christians and Jews? In episode 34, an essential chapter on the history of al-Andalus and medieval Iberia, I answer these and more questions.

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Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:26 Arabization in al-Andalus 05:59 Islamization in al-Andalus 14:01 The Legal Status of the Dhimmis 18:00 Conflict or Coexistence in al-Andalus? Interreligious Relations 29:04 The Verdict: Sexual Domination under Islamic Hegemony 30:45 Outro

In episode 33 you will learn the political history of Muslim Iberia under Emir Abd al-Rahman II, as well as the diplomacy, administration and taxation of Umayyad al-Andalus.

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Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:32 Opposition to Emir Abd al-Rahman II 07:57 Territorial Reorganization and the Founding of Murcia 11:06 The Viking Attack of 844: The Sacking of Seville 19:49 Nasr, the Great Eunuch of Abd al-Rahman II 23:14 Diplomatic Relations of the Emirate of Córdoba 28:05 Taxation and Administration in Umayyad al-Andalus 42:44 The Verdict: Who Broke the Andalusi Social Contract? 44:00 Outro

In the first half of the 9th century, two power struggles unfolded side by side: the rise of the Kingdom of Pamplona and the slow unraveling of the Carolingian Empire under Louis the Pious. Why did the lords of Pamplona prefer paying tribute to Muslim Córdoba over submitting to the Franks? And how did the empire built by Charlemagne begin to fracture? In episode 32 I'll tell you a story of shifting loyalties in Vasconia and the Carolingian world.

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Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:32 Vasconia at the Dawn of the Early Middle Ages 03:46 Íñigo Arista and the Founding of the Kingdom of Pamplona 13:34 Musa ibn Musa and the Rise of the Banu Qasi 20:59 The Carolingian Empire and the Spanish March under Louis the Pious 32:13 The Division of the Carolingian Empire 38:22 The Verdict: Blurred Religious Boundaries 40:01 Outro

In episode 31, I explore the turbulent reigns of Hisham and al-Hakam I of Córdoba—two emirs who faced family conspiracies and uprisings that threatened the very survival of an independent Umayyad Emirate in al-Andalus. Moreover, we explore the early reign of Alfonso II of Asturias and how the Revolt of Saqunda unfolded.

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Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:24 Hisham I of Córdoba, the Emir of Jihad 08:13 Alfonso II of Asturias, the King in the North 14:10 Al-Hakam I, A Ruthless Emir 23:17 The Revolt of the Suburb of Saqunda 33:43 The Verdict: Problems of Authority 36:13 Outro

In episode 30 I explain the Frankish conquest of Barcelona and attempts to expand into Navarre, Aragon and Tortosa, as well as discussing the society, culture and economy of the Carolingian Empire.

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Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:18 The Carolingian Conquest of Barcelona 04:39 The Formation of the Spanish March 09:07 Charlemagne: Emperor and Champion of Christendom 11:45 Carolingian Society and... Feudalism? 23:13 The Nature of Carolingian Power 28:30 Environmental History and the Carolingian Economy 38:52 The Carolingian Renaissance 43:39 The Verdict: Carolingian Slavery 45:25 Outro

In episode 29 I uncover the battles and conquests of the Franks prior to the conquest of Barcelona, the role Muslims and Hispano-Goths played in the expansion of the Carolingian Empire, and how the Franks suppressed the Adoptionist Heresy.

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Spotify (video version): https://open.spotify.com/show/2OFZ00DSgMAEle9vngg537 Spanish show 'La Historia de España-Memorias Hispánicas': https://www.youtube.com/@lahistoriaespana

TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Hook 00:30 Islamic Catalonia 05:59 The Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty 10:03 Charlemagne in Spain: The Battle of Roncevaux Pass 17:52 The Upper March, Between the Carolingians and the Umayyads 25:07 Frankish Annexation of Girona and the Catalan and Aragonese Pyrenees 32:47 The Adoptionist Controversy 37:26 The Verdict: Airbrushing the Origins 38:49 Outro