On this special First of April, we cover the nomadic peoples of the world of Godherja: the Öltenic.

Please check this great mod for Crusader Kings 3! You can download the mod on its Steam page linked here or on ModDB here. Many appreciations to the Godherja team for providing me with feedback and corrections as well!

Corrections:

• At around 13:17, I state that the Hyartan Mountains are the highest on the continent. The largest mountains are actually the Worldspine (where the Mayikrata is built on).
• During the discussion of the Bayyuralar in around 47:00, I should have clarified that the event did not just target the Astilik Empire. Other, unrelated states were also targeted by Baytor and his vassals. 
• At about 50:50, I use the term "Imperial Legate" when the correct term to denote an Aversarian general is Legon or Legan. 
• This point was made unclear in the episode, but it should be noted that during the period of Imperial domination by Aversaria, the Öltenic peoples were considered nominal "citizens" of the empire. 

Social Media

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On this episode, we explore the titanic clash between Cyrus of the Persians and Tomyris of the Massagetae.

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
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Relevant Books:

• Barry Cunliffe, The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe
• David Greene (trans.), The History of Herodotus
• Ilya Gershevitch, The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2

In this special episode, we speak to Oleksiy Vasyliuk of the Ukrainian Nature Conservation Group and Tobias Muenchmeyer, European Project Lead at Green Recovery Ukraine, about the current status of Ukraine's steppes amid the ongoing war.

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/ 

Relevant Reading from Oleksiy:

• Restoring Ukraine’s nature post-war: Hopes and risks
• Askania Nova Biosphere Reserve captured by invaders
• New laws for the reclaim of protected areas by farmers

Another chapter ends, somewhat. Today, the Scythians will be pushed back to the Pontic steppe and will face those they had left behind.

 Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/ 

Relevant Books:

• Barry Cunliffe, The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe
• Denis Sinor, The Cambridge History of Inner Asia, Volume 1
• Esther Jacobson, The Art of the Scythians: The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World
• Hyun Jin Kim, et al., Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages:
  Contact and Exchange between the Graeco-Roman World, Inner Asia and China
• Iver B. Neumann and Einar Wigen, The Steppe Tradition in International Relations: Russians, Turks, and European State Building 4000 BCE-2018 BCE

We investigate the supposed Scythian "28-year reign" of the Near East, including their conquests of Media and Palestine.

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/ 

Relevant Books:

• Barry Cunliffe, The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe
• Denis Sinor, The Cambridge History of Inner Asia, Volume 1
• Hyun Jin Kim, et al., Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages:
  Contact and Exchange between the Graeco-Roman World, Inner Asia and China
• John Boardman, et al., The Cambridge Ancient History,  Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC, 2nd edition

The Scythians move through the north and south Caucasus, pushing to the borders of the ancient Near East.

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/ 

Relevant Books:

• Antonio Sagona, The Archaeology of the Caucasus: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age 
• Barry Cunliffe, The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe
• John Boardman, et al., The Cambridge Ancient History,  Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC, 2nd edition

Quick update on the next set of episodes. Thanks for your patience!

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/    

We continue the narrative by assessing the mythological and historical origins of the Scythians.

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/     

Relevant Books:

• Barry Cunliffe, The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe
• Claudia Chang, Rethinking Prehistoric Central Asia: Shepherds, Farmers, and Nomads
• Renate Rolle, The World of the Scythians
• Yulia Ustanova, The Supreme God of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God 

We analyze the artistic and material culture of the Scythians, and put a critical eye on the term "Scytho-Siberian Culture."

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/NomadsandEmpires
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/     

We examine the religious beliefs of the Scythians, as well as thoughts of the afterlife.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/NomadEmpiresPod
Substack: https://nomadsandempirespodcast.substack.com/